額
See also: 额
額 - Translingual
Han character
額 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十口一月金 (JRMBC), four-corner 31686, composition ⿰客頁)
Derived characters
- 𡅅 𣌔 𥗳
Descendants
額 - Chinese
| trad. | 額 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 额 | |
| alternative forms | 頟／额 | |
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
| 路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 潞 | *raːɡs |
| 鷺 | *raːɡs |
| 璐 | *raːɡs |
| 簬 | *raːɡs |
| 簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
| 笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 各 | *klaːɡ |
| 胳 | *klaːɡ |
| 閣 | *klaːɡ |
| 格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 擱 | *klaːɡ |
| 恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
| 愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
| 貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
| 狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
| 茖 | *kraːɡ |
| 骼 | *kraːɡ |
| 觡 | *kraːɡ |
| 蛒 | *kraːɡ |
| 敋 | *kraːɡ |
| 客 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
| 楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋɡraːɡ) : phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaak6, ngaak6-2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiak
- Min Dong (BUC): ngiăh→ngiĕh / ngiăh
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien, POJ): hia̍h / gia̍h / ge̍k / gia̍k
- (Teochew, Peng'im): hiah8
- Wu (Wiktionary): 5ngaq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: é
- Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: é
- Wade–Giles: o2
- Yale: é
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nge2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nge
- Sinological IPA : /ŋɛ²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ңый (ŋɨy, I)
- Sinological IPA : /ŋei²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ngaak6, ngaak6-2
- Yale: ngaahk, ngáak
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaak9, ngaak9-2
- Guangdong Romanization: ngag6, ngag6-2
- Sinological IPA : /ŋaːk̚²/, /ŋaːk̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Note: ngaak6-2 - “top part, board, amount”.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiak
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiag`
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiag5
- Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯ak̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiăh→ngiĕh / ngiăh
- Sinological IPA : /ŋieʔ⁵/, /ŋiaʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- ngiăh>ngiĕh - “forehead”;
- ngiăh - “top part, board, amount”.
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍h
- Tâi-lô: hia̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: hiah
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hiaʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiaʔ⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiaʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍h
- Tâi-lô: gia̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: giah
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiaʔ⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiaʔ¹²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡiaʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: gek
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k
- Tâi-lô: gia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: giak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- hia̍h - vernacular (“forehead, top part, board”);
- gia̍h - vernacular (“amount”);
- ge̍k/gia̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hiah8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hia̍h
- Sinological IPA : /hiaʔ⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: 5ngaq
- Sinological IPA : /ŋa̱ʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
- Middle Chinese: /ŋˠæk̚/
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 額 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (113) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 五陌切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| ZhengzhangShangfang | /ŋˠæk̚/ |
| PanWuyun | /ŋᵚak̚/ |
| ShaoRongfen | /ŋak̚/ |
| EdwinPulleyblank | /ŋaɨjk̚/ |
| LiRong | /ŋɐk̚/ |
| WangLi | /ŋɐk̚/ |
| BernardKarlgren | /ŋɐk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | è |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngak6 |
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋˤrak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡraːɡ/
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 額 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | é |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngæk › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.ŋˁrak/ (no pre-Qín exx?) |
| English | forehead |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 額 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3906 |
| Phonetic component | 各 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 額 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋɡraːɡ/ |
| Notes | 說文作頟 |
Definitions
額
- (anatomy) forehead
- top part
- horizontal inscribed board; tablet; plaque
- amount; quantity; number
- a surname
Synonyms
- (forehead):
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 額, 顙, 顱 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 前額, 額頭, 額門, 眉宇 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 腦門兒, 腦門子, 頁勒蓋兒 |
| Taiwan | 額頭 | |
| Ulanhot | 奔兒嘍, 奔兒嘍頭 | |
| Tongliao | 奔兒嘍, 奔兒嘍頭 | |
| Chifeng | 腦門兒 | |
| Bayanhot | 天門 | |
| Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 額頭 | |
| Harbin | 腦門子, 腦門兒 | |
| Shenyang | 腦門子, 腦門兒 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 額楞蓋 | |
| Jinan | 額拉蓋兒 | |
| Luoyang | 額樓, 額樓頭, 額門蓋兒 | |
| Wanrong | 額頭 | |
| Wanrong (Ronghe) | 腦門子 | |
| Zhengzhou | 囟門頭 | |
| Xi'an | 額顱 | |
| Yinchuan | 腦門子 | |
| Lanzhou | 崩樓 | |
| Xining | 額目頭 | |
| Ürümqi | 崩樓 | |
| Ürümqi (Xigou) | 奔顱, 天門蓋 | |
| Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 額頭 | |
| Wuhan | 額殼 | |
| Huanggang | 腦殼 | |
| Chengdu | 額顱 | |
| Guiyang | 額頭 | |
| Kunming | 腦門 | |
| Guilin | 額頭 | |
| Liuzhou | 額頭 | |
| Xuzhou | 額頭子, 腦門子 | |
| Yangzhou | 額頭 | |
| Xinghua | 額頭 | |
| Nanjing | 額腦殼 | |
| Hefei | 額腦頭 | |
| Singapore | 額頭 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 奔顱, 腦門子 | |
| Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 額顱 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 額頭 |
| Hong Kong | 額頭 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 額, 額頭 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 前額 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 額頭 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 額頭 | |
| Macau | 額頭 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 額頭 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 額頭 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 額頭 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 白額, 額頭 | |
| Foshan | 額頭 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 額頭 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 額頭 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 額頭 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 前額 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 額頭 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 額頭 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 額頭 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 額頭 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 眉頭 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 額頭 | |
| Taishan | 眉頭 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 眉頭 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 眉頭 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 前額 | |
| Dongguan | 額 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 額 | |
| Shaoguan | 額頭 | |
| Yunfu | 前額 | |
| Yangjiang | 額頭 | |
| Xinyi | 額頭 | |
| Lianjiang | 額頭 | |
| Nanning | 額頭 | |
| Wuzhou | 額頭 | |
| Yulin | 額頭 | |
| Hepu (Lianzhou) | 額頭, 天庭 | |
| Danzhou | 額 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 額頭 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 額頭 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 天門 |
| Lichuan | 額角, 額 | |
| Pingxiang | 額殼 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 額角 |
| Xingning | 額角 | |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 額門 | |
| Huidong (Daling) | 額角, 額門 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 額囟頭 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 額囟頭 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 額囟頭 | |
| Wuhua (Huacheng) | 額門 | |
| Heyuan (Bendihua) | 額門 | |
| Wengyuan | 額頭 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 額角 | |
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 額門 | |
| Liannan | 額門頭 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 前額 | |
| Jiexi | 額角 | |
| Luhe | 額門頭 | |
| Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 額頭 | |
| Changting | 額角, 額頭 | |
| Wuping | 額頭, 額門 | |
| Wuping (Yanqian) | 額門 | |
| Wuping (Pingyu) | 額角 | |
| Liancheng | 額角 | |
| Ninghua | 額早, 額角 | |
| Yudu | 額頭, 天門 | |
| Ningdu | 額 | |
| Ruijin | 額膛 | |
| Shicheng | 額角, 額 | |
| Shangyou (Shexi) | 額門 | |
| Tonggu (Sandu) | 額門 | |
| Ganzhou (Panlong) | 天門 | |
| Dayu | 額頭 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 額頭 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 額頭 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 額頭 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 額頭 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 額頭 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 額頭 | |
| Hong Kong | 額門頭 | |
| Yangxi (Tangkou) | 額角 | |
| Yangchun (Sanjia) | 額頭 | |
| Xinyi (Sihe) | 額頭 | |
| Xinyi (Qianpai) | 額頭 | |
| Gaozhou (Xindong) | 額頭 | |
| Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 額角 | |
| Huazhou (Xin'an) | 額堂 | |
| Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 額頭 | |
| Lianjiang (Qingping) | 額頭 | |
| Mengshan (Xihe) | 額頭 | |
| Luchuan | 額頭 | |
| Luchuan (Daqiao) | 額頭殼 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 額門頭 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 花額, 牛頭前 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 崩兒顱, 崩頭, 前崩顱 |
| Pingyao | 奔頭 | |
| Xinzhou | 眉靈闊 | |
| Taibus (Baochang) | 腦門 | |
| Linhe | 崩臚 | |
| Jining | 眉頭, 眉棱骨 | |
| Hohhot | 眉棱骨 | |
| Baotou | 眉頭, 眉棱骨 | |
| Dongsheng | 額 | |
| Haibowan | 崩臚 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 額頭 |
| Jian'ou (Dikou) | 頭囟 | |
| Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 額頭 | |
| Pucheng (Shibei) | 額頭 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 額頭 |
| Fuqing | 額, 頭額 | |
| Fu'an | 額頭舷 | |
| Ningde | 頭額頭 | |
| Matsu | 額頭 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 頭額, 天平, 額𩉍, 眉額, 前擴 |
| Quanzhou | 頭額, 天平, 前擴 | |
| Jinjiang | 頭額 | |
| Yongchun | 頭額 | |
| Zhangzhou | 頭額, 天平, 額𩉍, 天額, 前擴 | |
| Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 額𩉍 | |
| Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 額𩉍 | |
| Zhangpu | 額𩉍 | |
| Zhao'an | 頭額 | |
| Taipei | 頭額 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 頭額 | |
| Kaohsiung | 頭殼額仔 | |
| Yilan | 頭額 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 天平 | |
| Taichung | 頭額, 額頭 | |
| Tainan | 頭額 | |
| Hsinchu | 頭額 | |
| Kinmen | 額, 頭額 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 頭額 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 額, 頭額 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 頭額 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 頭額 | |
| Zhangping | 額頭 | |
| Zhangping (Yongfu) | 額頭 | |
| Datian | 頭額 | |
| Pingnan (Shangdu) | 額頭 | |
| Chaozhou | 額門神 | |
| Shantou | 額頭, 額門神 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 額頭, 額門神 | |
| Jieyang | 額, 額門神 | |
| Haifeng | 前枕 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 額頭 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 額 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 額囟, 額門神 | |
| Leizhou | 頭額 | |
| Wenchang | 頭額, 囟額 | |
| Haikou | 頭額 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 額頭前 |
| Xianyou | 額頭 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 額頭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 額前頭, 額頭 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 額頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 額角頭 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 額骨頭 | |
| Suzhou | 額角頭 | |
| Wuxi | 額角頭 | |
| Danyang | 額角頭, 額頭 | |
| Hangzhou | 額骨頭, 額角頭 | |
| Ningbo | 腦殼頭, 額角頭 | |
| Wenzhou | 額頭, 門前額 | |
| Jinhua | 頭角, 額骨頭, 額角頭 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 額殼, 額角, 額頭 |
| Loudi | 額頭 | |
| Shuangfeng | 額頭 | |
| Quanzhou | 額頭 | |
edit
Compounds
|
|
|
Pronunciation
- Wu (Wiktionary): 5hheq; 4eq
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: 5hheq; 4eq
- Sinological IPA : /ɦəʔ¹²/, /əʔ⁵⁵/
- (Shanghainese)
Definitions
額
Usage notes
- This is a Mandarin influenced form of the character often used in Shanghainese. Due to 個’s expected pronunciation starting with /k/, it is often mistakenly analysed to be unrelated to this sense.
- This cannot be used in other Northern Wu languages, such as Suzhounese, due to their retention of the /k/ initial.
Pronunciation
Definitions
額
- (Mandarin) Alternative form of 呃 (è, “an interjection said when hesitating in speech”).
額 - Japanese
Kanji
額
(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings
Compounds
Pronunciation
Noun
額 • (gaku)
Derived terms
- 額銘 (gakumei): (swords) an inscription where a blade is shortened and a rectangular metal piece bearing the original inscription is cut out from the removed portion and embedded in the new tang
額 - Korean
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɛk̚] ~ [e̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [액/엑]
Hanja
Compounds
額 - Vietnamese
Han character
額: Hán Nôm readings: ngạch, nghệch, nghách, nghạch