邪

邪 - Translingual

Han character

邪 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+4 in Chinese, 邑+5 in Japanese, 7 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 一竹弓中 (MHNL), four-corner 17227, composition ⿰牙阝)

Derived characters

捓, 峫, 㭨, 琊, 鋣 (铘), 䓉

邪 - Chinese

trad.		邪
simp. ^#		邪
alternative forms		衺 “evil; strange; tilted” 𧘪 “evil; strange; tilted” 耶 “evil; strange; tilted; particle”

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 邪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

	Old Chinese
邪	ljaː, laː
衺	*ljaː
牙	*ŋraː
芽	*ŋraː
齖	ŋraː, ŋraːs
呀	ŋraː, hŋraː
枒	ŋraː, ŋraːs
雅	*ŋraːʔ
厊	*ŋraːʔ
庌	*ŋraːʔ
訝	*ŋraːs
迓	*ŋraːs
砑	*ŋraːs
犽	*ŋraːs
疨	*hŋraː
岈	*hŋraː
谺	*hŋraː
颬	*hŋraː
鴉	*qraː
釾	*laː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ljaː, *laː) : phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː) + semantic 邑 (“town; city”).

The semantic component suggests that this character was originally used in a place name, which Shuowen suggests to be 琅邪. It was later borrowed for other meanings, the most prominent being “wrong; evil” (originally written as 衺).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
- (Standard)
  - (Pinyin): xié, xiá (xie², xia²)
  - (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˊ, ㄒㄧㄚˊ
- (Chengdu, SP): xie²
Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ce⁴
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): tie³
Gan (Wiktionary): xia⁴
Hakka
- (Sixian, PFS): sià
- (Meixian, Guangdong): xia²
Jin (Wiktionary): xie¹
Min Bei (KCR): ciǎ
Min Dong (BUC): sià
Min Nan
- (Hokkien, POJ): siâ / siê
- (Teochew, Peng'im): sia⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): ³xxia
Xiang (Wiktionary): sie²

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 邪
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɛ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕiɛ²²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕie⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/siə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/siɛ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕi⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕie⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiə⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕie²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕie³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/sie²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕi⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕie̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ʑia²³/
	Suzhou	/ziɑ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiɑ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zei³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰiɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/sie¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/siɒ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɑ⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/sia¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/siɑ¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰɛ²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰe²¹/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɛ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sia³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/sia⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sia²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/sia⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/se³¹/ /tia³¹/

Middle Chinese: /zia/

Rime
Character	邪
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	似嗟切
Reconstructions
ZhengzhangShangfang	/zia/
PanWuyun	/zia/
ShaoRongfen	/zia/
EdwinPulleyblank	/zia/
LiRong	/zia/
WangLi	/zĭa/
BernardKarlgren	/zi̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ce⁴

Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə.ɢA/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ljaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	邪
Reading #	1/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xié
Middle Chinese	‹ zjæ ›
Old Chinese	/*sə.ɢA/
English	awry
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	邪
Reading #	1/2
No.	14175
Phonetic component	牙
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	衺
Old Chinese	/*ljaː/

Definitions

邪

wrong; evil; depraved; vicious; perverse; heterodox
- 邪念 ― xiéniàn ― evil thought
unnatural; strange
disaster; calamity
(traditional Chinese medicine) unwholesome environmental factor; pathogenetic factor
- 風邪／风邪 ― fēngxié ― pathogenic influence; cold
^† Alternative form of 斜 (xié, “tilted; inclined”).
(～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 邪 (MC jia)

Compounds

中邪 (zhòngxié)
八邪
回邪
妖邪 (yāoxié)
官邪
崇正黜邪
忿世嫉邪
扶正黜邪
放邪火
歪心邪意
氛邪
洿邪
淫邪
狎邪 (xiáxié)
避邪 (bìxié)
邪世 (xiéshì)
邪佞
邪僻 (xiépì)
邪心 (xiéxīn)
邪念 (xiéniàn)
邪教 (xiéjiào)
邪曲
邪法
邪派
邪皮
邪眼
邪神 (xiéshén)
邪祟 (xiésuì)
邪臣

邪行 (xiéxíng)
邪路 (xiélù)
邪道 (xiédào)
邪魔 (xiémó)
邪魔外道
奸邪 (jiānxié)
辟邪 (bìxié)
邪不干正 (xiébùgānzhèng)
去邪從正／去邪从正
去邪歸正／去邪归正
反邪歸正／反邪归正
天真無邪／天真无邪 (tiānzhēnwúxié)
妖術邪法／妖术邪法
姦盜邪淫／奸盗邪淫
姦邪／奸邪
思無邪／思无邪
憤世嫉邪／愤世嫉邪
憸邪／𪫺邪
改邪歸正／改邪归正 (gǎixiéguīzhèng)
棄邪從正／弃邪从正
棄邪歸正／弃邪归正
正直無邪／正直无邪
歪門邪道／歪门邪道
歪風邪氣／歪风邪气
水性隨邪／水性随邪
洞燭姦邪／洞烛奸邪
無邪／无邪 (wúxié)
異端邪說／异端邪说

目不邪視／目不邪视 (mù bù xiéshì)
矯邪歸正／矫邪归正
破邪論序／破邪论序
破邪顯正／破邪显正
舍正從邪／舍正从邪
虛邪／虚邪
邪不勝正／邪不胜正 (xiébùshèngzhèng)
邪偽／邪伪
邪徑／邪径
邪惡／邪恶 (xié'è)
邪氣／邪气 (xiéqì)
邪術／邪术 (xiéshù)
邪視／邪视 (xiéshì)
邪說／邪说 (xiéshuō)
邪說異端／邪说异端
邪謀／邪谋
邪道兒／邪道儿
邪門／邪门 (xiémén)
邪門歪道／邪门歪道 (xiéménwāidào)
邪靈／邪灵 (xiélíng)
鎮邪／镇邪
鎮邪物／镇邪物
閑邪存誠／闲邪存诚
闢邪／辟邪
隨邪／随邪
風邪／风邪 (fēngxié)
驅邪／驱邪 (qūxié)
鬼隨邪／鬼随邪

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
- (Pinyin): yé, yá (ye², ya²)
- (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˊ, ㄧㄚˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): je4
Min Nan
- (Hokkien, POJ): iâ
- (Teochew, Peng'im): ia⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): ³hhia

Middle Chinese: /jia/

Rime
Character	邪
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以遮切
Reconstructions
ZhengzhangShangfang	/jia/
PanWuyun	/jia/
ShaoRongfen	/ia/
EdwinPulleyblank	/jia/
LiRong	/ia/
WangLi	/jĭa/
BernardKarlgren	/i̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	je⁴

Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢ(r)A/
- (Zhengzhang): /*laː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	邪
Reading #	3/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yá
Middle Chinese	‹ yæ ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢ(r)A/
English	琅邪 (name of a mountain in Shāndōng)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	邪
Reading #	2/2
No.	14197
Phonetic component	牙
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	邪
Old Chinese	/*laː/
Notes	俗作耶

Definitions

邪

Only used in 琅邪, alternative form of 琅琊.

Compounds

琅邪

琅邪山

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
- (Pinyin): yé (ye²)
- (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˊ
Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): je4
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): yie³
Min Nan
- (Hokkien, POJ): iâ
- (Teochew, Peng'im): ia⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): ³hhia

Middle Chinese: /jia/

Rime
Character	邪
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以遮切
Reconstructions
ZhengzhangShangfang	/jia/
PanWuyun	/jia/
ShaoRongfen	/ia/
EdwinPulleyblank	/jia/
LiRong	/ia/
WangLi	/jĭa/
BernardKarlgren	/i̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	je⁴

Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ](r)A/
- (Zhengzhang): /*laː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	邪
Reading #	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yé
Middle Chinese	‹ yæ ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ](r)A/
English	(interrogative particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	邪
Reading #	2/2
No.	14197
Phonetic component	牙
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	邪
Old Chinese	/*laː/
Notes	俗作耶

Definitions

邪

^† Alternative form of 耶 (yé, “sentence-final interrogative particle”).
^† The chant of labourers used for synchronized pulling, lifting, etc., similar to heigh-ho.

Compounds

昆邪
莫邪 (Mòyé)

邪呼
干將莫邪／干将莫邪 (gānjiāng-mòyé)

邪許／邪许

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
- (Pinyin): xú (xu²)
- (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˊ

Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə.la/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	邪
Reading #	2/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xú
Middle Chinese	‹ zjo ›
Old Chinese	/*sə.la/
English	walk slowly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

邪

^† Alternative form of 徐 (xú, “slow”).

Pronunciation 5

Mandarin
- (Pinyin): yú (yu²)
- (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ

Definitions

邪

^† Alternative form of 餘／余 (yú, “remainder; remaining days”).

Pronunciation 6

Mandarin
- (Pinyin): shé (she²)
- (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˊ

Definitions

邪

Only used in 歸邪／归邪.

邪 - Japanese

Kanji

邪

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 邪 (MC zia); compare Mandarin 邪 (xié):

Go-on: じゃ (ja, Jōyō)^{←じや (zya, historical)}
Kan-on: しゃ (sha)

From Middle Chinese 邪 (MC jia); compare Mandarin 邪 (yé, yá):

Go-on: や (ya)
Kan-on: や (ya)

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: か (ka, 邪); よこしま (yokoshima, 邪)

Compounds

Synonyms

(evil): 奸

Antonyms

(evil): 正, 義 (righteous)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) よこしま [yòkóshímá] (Heiban – [0])
IPA: [jo̞ko̞ɕima̠]

Adjective

邪(よこしま) • (yokoshima) -na, adnominal 邪(よこしま)な (yokoshima na), adverbial 邪(よこしま)に (yokoshima ni)

evil, wicked
- 邪(よこしま)な心(こころ)
  - yokoshima na kokoro
  - evil heart
横しま: horizontal

Inflection

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	邪だろ	よこしまだろ	yokoshima daro
Continuative (連用形)	邪で	よこしまで	yokoshima de
Terminal (終止形)	邪だ	よこしまだ	yokoshima da
Attributive (連体形)	邪な	よこしまな	yokoshima na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	邪なら	よこしまなら	yokoshima nara
Imperative (命令形)	邪であれ	よこしまであれ	yokoshima de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	邪ではない邪じゃない	よこしまではないよこしまじゃない	yokoshima de wa nai yokoshima ja nai
Informal past	邪だった	よこしまだった	yokoshima datta
Informal negative past	邪ではなかった邪じゃなかった	よこしまではなかったよこしまじゃなかった	yokoshima de wa nakatta yokoshima ja nakatta
Formal	邪です	よこしまです	yokoshima desu
Formal negative	邪ではありません邪じゃありません	よこしまではありませんよこしまじゃありません	yokoshima de wa arimasen yokoshima ja arimasen
Formal past	邪でした	よこしまでした	yokoshima deshita
Formal negative past	邪ではありませんでした邪じゃありませんでした	よこしまではありませんでしたよこしまじゃありませんでした	yokoshima de wa arimasen deshita yokoshima ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	邪で	よこしまで	yokoshima de
Conditional	邪なら（ば）	よこしまなら（ば）	yokoshima nara (ba)
Provisional	邪だったら	よこしまだったら	yokoshima dattara
Volitional	邪だろう	よこしまだろう	yokoshima darō
Adverbial	邪に	よこしまに	yokoshima ni
Degree	邪さ	よこしまさ	yokoshimasa

邪 - Korean

Hanja

邪 • (sa, ya) (hangeul 사, 야, revised sa, ya, McCune–Reischauer sa, ya, Yale sa, ya)

cunning, sly, crafty, artful
dislocated, out of joint, out of step, out of line
deceive, cheat, trick, fool, swindle
crooked, askew, slanted

Compounds

사술 (邪術, sasul)

邪 - Vietnamese

Han character

邪: Hán Nôm readings: tà, tá