訛
See also: 讹
訛 - Translingual
Han character
訛 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人心 (YROP), four-corner 04610, composition ⿰訁化)
訛 - Chinese
| trad. | 訛 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 讹 | |
| alternative forms | 吪 䚰 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 訛 | |
|---|---|
| Warring States | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋʷaːl) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngo4
- Min Nan
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: é
- Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: é
- Wade–Giles: o2
- Yale: é
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ngo4
- Yale: ngòh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngo4
- Guangdong Romanization: ngo4
- Sinological IPA : /ŋɔː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
- Tâi-lô: gô
- Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɡo²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
- Tâi-lô: ngôo
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃²³/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ho3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hò
- Sinological IPA : /ho²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Middle Chinese: /ŋuɑ/
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 訛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五禾切 |
| Baxter | ngwa |
| Reconstructions | |
| ZhengzhangShangfang | /ŋuɑ/ |
| PanWuyun | /ŋuɑ/ |
| ShaoRongfen | /ŋuɑ/ |
| EdwinPulleyblank | /ŋwa/ |
| LiRong | /ŋuɑ/ |
| WangLi | /ŋuɑ/ |
| BernardKarlgren | /ŋuɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngo4 |
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qʷʰˤaj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷaːl/
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 訛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | é |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngwa › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-qʷʰˁaj/ |
| English | move; change |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 訛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5319 |
| Phonetic component | 化 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 訛 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋʷaːl/ |
Definitions
訛
- (literary, or in compounds) erroneous; mistaken
- (literary, or in compounds) error; mistake
- to extort; to blackmail
- Alternative form of 吪 (é).
Synonyms
- (erroneous):
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 過誤, 誤, 謬, 謬誤, 訛 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 錯, 不對, 錯誤 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 錯, 左 |
| Taiwan | 錯, 不對 | |
| Jinan | 錯, 差 | |
| Xi'an | 錯 | |
| Ürümqi | 錯 | |
| Wuhan | 錯, 左 | |
| Chengdu | 錯, 拐 | |
| Guilin | 錯 | |
| Yangzhou | 錯 | |
| Nanjing | 差 | |
| Hefei | 錯 | |
| Malaysia | 錯, 不對 | |
| Singapore | 錯, 不對 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 錯, 唔啱 |
| Hong Kong | 錯, 唔啱 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 錯 | |
| Macau | 錯 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 錯 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 唔啱 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 錯 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 錯 | |
| Foshan | 錯 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 錯 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 錯 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 錯, 唔啱 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 錯 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 錯 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 錯 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 錯 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 錯 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 錯 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 錯 | |
| Taishan | 錯 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 錯 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 錯 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 錯 | |
| Dongguan | 錯 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 錯 | |
| Yangjiang | 錯 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 唔啱, 錯 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 唔啱, 錯 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 錯 |
| Lichuan | 錯 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 差, 唔啱 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 錯 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 錯 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 錯 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 錯 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 錯 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 唔著 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 唔著 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 唔著 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 唔著 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 唔著 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 唔著 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 錯, 不對, 差 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 錯 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 賺 |
| Matsu | 賺 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 賺, 毋著 |
| Quanzhou | 賺, 毋著 | |
| Shishi | 賺 | |
| Zhangzhou | 賺, 毋著 | |
| Zhao'an | 毋著 | |
| Taipei | 毋著 | |
| Kaohsiung | 毋著 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | salah, 毋著, 賺 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | salah, 毋著 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 毋著, 賺 | |
| Chaozhou | 賺 | |
| Shantou | 賺, 唔對, 唔著 | |
| Jieyang | 賺 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | salah, 唔著, 賺 | |
| Wenchang | 無著 | |
| Haikou | 錯 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 無著 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 錯 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 錯 |
| Suzhou | 錯 | |
| Danyang | 賺 | |
| Ningbo | 錯, 賺 | |
| Wenzhou | 賺 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 錯, 左 |
| Shuangfeng | 造, 錯 | |
- (error):
edit
- (to extort):
edit
Compounds
訛 - Japanese
Kanji
訛
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
Readings
Compounds
- 訛音
- 訛伝
- 転訛
訛 - Korean
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [wa̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [와]
Hanja
訛 (eumhun 그릇될 와 (geureutdoel wa))