穢
See also: 秽
穢 - Translingual
Han character
穢 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹木卜一竹 (HDYMH), four-corner 21953, composition ⿰禾歲)
穢 - Chinese
| trad. | 穢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 秽 | |
| alternative forms | 濊／𰛦 | |
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʷads) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 歲 (OC *sqʰʷads, *sqʰʷad).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): wai3
- Hakka
- (Sixian, PFS): ve
- (Meixian, Guangdong): vê4 / mê4
- Min Bei (KCR): sṳ̿
- Min Dong (BUC): uói
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): 2hue
- Xiang (Wiktionary): fei4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: huì
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
- Wade–Giles: hui4
- Yale: hwèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
- Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
- Sinological IPA : /xweɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
- Wade–Giles: wei4
- Yale: wèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
- Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
- Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: wai3
- Yale: wai
- Cantonese Pinyin: wai3
- Guangdong Romanization: wei3
- Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ve
- Hakka Romanization System: ve
- Hagfa Pinyim: ve4
- Sinological IPA: /ve⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: vê4 / mê4
- Sinological IPA: /ʋe⁵³/, /me⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
Note: mê4 - colloquial (“dirty”).
- Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̿
- Sinological IPA : /sy³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: uói
- Sinological IPA : /ui²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: è
- Tâi-lô: è
- Phofsit Daibuun: ex
- IPA (Taipei): /e¹¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /e²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: èr
- Tâi-lô: èr
- IPA (Lukang): /ə³¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ə⁴¹/
- IPA (Kinmen): /ə¹²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: òe
- Tâi-lô: uè
- Phofsit Daibuun: oex
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ue⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /ue²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu)
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- è/èr - vernacular;
- òe - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: uê3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uè
- Sinological IPA : /ue²¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: 2hue
- Sinological IPA : /hɯe̞³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: fei4
- Sinological IPA : /ɸe̞i⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: /ʔʉɐiH/
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 穢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 廢 (28) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於廢切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| ZhengzhangShangfang | /ʔʉɐiH/ |
| PanWuyun | /ʔʷiɐiH/ |
| ShaoRongfen | /ʔiuɐiH/ |
| EdwinPulleyblank | /ʔuajH/ |
| LiRong | /ʔiuɐiH/ |
| WangLi | /ĭwɐiH/ |
| BernardKarlgren | /ʔi̯wɐiH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai3 |
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷat-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʷads/
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 穢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjwojH › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷat-s/ |
| English | bad weeds; filth |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 穢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12168 |
| Phonetic component | 歲 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 穢 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷads/ |
Definitions
穢
- dirty; filthy; unclean
- immoral; obscene
- (dialectal Hakka, Malaysian Mandarin) disgusting; revolting
- (Min Nan) to infect (a person)
- (obsolete) overgrown with weeds
Synonyms
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 污, 穢, 污穢 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 骯髒, 污穢 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 髒, 腌臢 |
| Taiwan | 髒, 骯髒 | |
| Langfang | 髒 | |
| Cangzhou | 邋遢 | |
| Baoding | 骯髒 | |
| Shijiazhuang | 髒 | |
| Daming | 陳 | |
| Harbin | 埋汰 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 髒, 邋乎, 埋汰 | |
| Jinan | 髒, 窩囊, 腌臢 | |
| Luoyang | 齷齪, 邋遢 | |
| Wanrong | 髒, 日髒, 骯髒 | |
| Xi'an | 髒, 骯髒 | |
| Yinchuan | 髒 | |
| Lanzhou | 髒 | |
| Xining | 骯髒, 髒 | |
| Ürümqi | 髒 | |
| Wuhan | 拉瓜, 賴 | |
| Chengdu | 髒, 齷齪, 邋遢 | |
| Guiyang | 髒 | |
| Kunming | 邋遢 | |
| Liuzhou | 邋遢, 污糟, 涴 | |
| Xuzhou | 骯髒, 腌臢 | |
| Yangzhou | 髒, 邋遢 | |
| Nanjing | 髒 | |
| Hefei | 髒, 膿糟, 拾弄 | |
| Singapore | 骯髒 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 污糟, 邋遢, 揦鮓 |
| Hong Kong | 污糟, 邋遢, 揦鮓 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 邋遢, 骯屎 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 骯屎 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 揦鮓 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 垠 | |
| Macau | 污糟 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 污糟, 邋遢 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 邋遢, 揦鮓 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 污糟, 邋遢 | |
| Foshan | 污糟, 邋遢 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 污糟 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 污糟 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 污糟 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 污糟 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 邋遢 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 邋遢 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 揦鮓 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 揦鮓 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 揦鮓, 邋遢 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 揦鮓 | |
| Taishan | 邋遢, 揦鮓 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 邋遢, 揦鮓 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 邋遢 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 邋遢 | |
| Dongguan | 賴濕, 鹹濕 | |
| Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 垠 | |
| Yangjiang | 失引, 污糟, 揦鮓 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 污糟, 揦鮓 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 腌臢 |
| Lichuan | 邋遢 | |
| Pingxiang | 雷堆, 雷賴, 齷齪 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 漚紐, 穢 |
| Xingning | 累贅 | |
| Huidong (Daling) | 囉嗦 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 囉嗦 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 囉嗦 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 烏數 | |
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 烏奴 | |
| Liannan | 邋遢 | |
| Jiexi | 垃圾 | |
| Changting | 齷齪 | |
| Wuping | 屙糟 | |
| Wuping (Pingyu) | 屙糟 | |
| Liancheng | 屙糟 | |
| Ninghua | 齷齪 | |
| Yudu | 屙糟 | |
| Ruijin | 屙糟 | |
| Shangyou (Shexi) | 垃圾 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 屙糟, 垃圾 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 屙糟, 垃圾 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 屙糟, 垃圾 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 屙糟, 垃圾 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 屙糟, 垃圾 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 屙糟, 垃圾 | |
| Hong Kong | 漚紐, 累贅, 囉嗦 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 活柴, 污糟 |
| Shexian | 邋遢, 污糟 | |
| Tunxi | 遢邋 | |
| Xiuning | 遢邋 | |
| Yixian | 邋遢 | |
| Qimen | 邋遢 | |
| Wuyuan | 邋遢 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 日髒, 髒, 腌臢 |
| Xinzhou | 日髒 | |
| Zhangjiakou | 髒 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 污喏, 垃圾 |
| Jian'ou (Dikou) | 污喏 | |
| Jianyang | 污喏 | |
| Wuyishan | 垃圾 | |
| Pucheng (Shibei) | 垃圾 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 垃渣, 濫𡞟, 懶露, 五鹵, 齷齪 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 流瘍, 流死瘍, 垃圾, 腌臢, 驚儂, 垃儳, 穢涗, 塕埃 |
| Quanzhou | 腌臢, 兇, 驚儂, 穢涗, 塕埃 | |
| Zhangzhou | 腌臢, 垃圾, 淤漬, 驚儂, 垃圾鬼, 穢涗, 塕埃 | |
| Taipei | 垃圾, 垃儳, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 垃圾, 腌臢, 癩𰣻, 驚儂 | |
| Kaohsiung | 垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩𰣻, 驚儂 | |
| Yilan | 垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 垃圾, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂 | |
| Taichung | 垃圾 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 垃圾 | |
| Tainan | 垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩𰣻, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂 | |
| Taitung | 垃圾 | |
| Hsinchu | 垃圾, 腌臢, 癩𰣻 | |
| Kinmen | 垃圾, 腌臢, 驚儂, 垃儳, 癩𰣻 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 垃圾, 腌臢, 驚儂, 垃儳, 癩𰣻 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 垃儳 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 流瘍, 垃儳, 垃圾, 厚穢 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 腌臢 | |
| Chaozhou | 垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄疑 | |
| Shantou | 垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄疑 | |
| Shantou (Chaoyang) | 垃圾 | |
| Jieyang | 垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄疑 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 凄疑 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 垃圾, 邋遢 | |
| Leizhou | 邋滯 | |
| Wenchang | 尻髒 | |
| Haikou | 尻髒 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 污盧 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 齷齪 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 齷齪, 鏖糟 dated |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 邋遢, 齷齪 | |
| Suzhou | 齷齪, 邋遢, 污糟 | |
| Wuxi | 污糟, 齷拉 | |
| Danyang | 髒 | |
| Hangzhou | 埲, 邋遢 | |
| Ningbo | 膩腥, 鏖糟, 淟汰, 邋遢 dated | |
| Wenzhou | 鏖糟, 髒 | |
| Jinhua | 遮捏, 鏖糟 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 邋遢, 邋糊 |
| Shuangfeng | 派老, 邋遢 | |
Compounds
穢 - Japanese
Kanji
穢
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
Readings
穢 - Korean
Hanja
穢 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
穢 - Vietnamese
Han character
穢: Hán Nôm readings: uế