歹
See also: 歺
歹 - Translingual
Han character
歹 (Kangxi radical 78, 歹+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一弓戈 (MNI), four-corner 10207, composition ⿱一夕)
- Kangxi radical #78, ⽍.
Derived characters
歹 - Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 歹 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) - human remains.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): daai2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tái
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien, POJ): tái
- (Teochew, Peng'im): dai2
- Wu (Wiktionary): 2te
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: dǎi
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǎi
- Wade–Giles: tai3
- Yale: dǎi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dae
- Palladius: дай (daj)
- Sinological IPA : /taɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дэ (de, II)
- Sinological IPA : /tɛ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: daai2
- Yale: dáai
- Cantonese Pinyin: daai2
- Guangdong Romanization: dai2
- Sinological IPA : /taːi̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tái
- Hakka Romanization System: dai`
- Hagfa Pinyim: dai3
- Sinological IPA: /tai̯³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tái
- Tâi-lô: tái
- Phofsit Daibuun: dae
- IPA (Xiamen): /tai⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tai⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /tai⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tai⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dai2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tái
- Sinological IPA : /tai⁵²/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: 2te
- Sinological IPA : /te̞³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
Definitions
歹
Compounds
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: è
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: è
- Wade–Giles: o4
- Yale: è
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ngaat6, aat3
- Yale: ngaaht, aat
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaat9, aat8
- Guangdong Romanization: ngad6, ad3
- Sinological IPA : /ŋaːt̚²/, /aːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
- Middle Chinese: /ŋɑt̚/
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 歹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (63) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五割切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| ZhengzhangShangfang | /ŋɑt̚/ |
| PanWuyun | /ŋɑt̚/ |
| ShaoRongfen | /ŋɑt̚/ |
| EdwinPulleyblank | /ŋat̚/ |
| LiRong | /ŋɑt̚/ |
| WangLi | /ŋɑt̚/ |
| BernardKarlgren | /ŋɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | è |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngot6 |
Definitions
歹
Pronunciation
Definitions
歹
Pronunciation
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pháiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: pháinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: phvae
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /pʰãi⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰãi⁴¹/
- IPA (Singapore): /pʰãi⁴²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phái
- Tâi-lô: phái
- Phofsit Daibuun: phae
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰai⁵³/
- IPA (Singapore): /pʰai⁴²/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /pʰai⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: pai2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phái
- Sinological IPA : /pʰai⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
Definitions
歹
- (Hokkien, Teochew) bad; wicked; evil
- (Hokkien) to become bad; to break down
- (Hokkien) to be fierce
- (Hokkien) to cause something to be harmed or damaged
- (Hokkien) difficult; hard (to do something)
Synonyms
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 惡 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 壞 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 壞, 賴 |
| Taiwan | 壞 | |
| Jinan | 壞, 孬, 賴 | |
| Xi'an | 瞎, 壞 | |
| Wuhan | 壞, 拐 | |
| Chengdu | 壞 | |
| Yangzhou | 壞 | |
| Hefei | 壞 | |
| Malaysia | 壞 | |
| Singapore | 壞 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 壞, 弊, 衰 |
| Hong Kong | 壞, 衰 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 衰 | |
| Yangjiang | 壞 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 衰 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 衰 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 壞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 壞 |
| Wuhua (Meilin) | 衰 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 賴, 壞 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 壞, 獰 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 呆, 否 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 歹, 䆀 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 歹 | |
| Quanzhou | 歹 | |
| Jinjiang | 歹 | |
| Nan'an | 歹 | |
| Shishi | 歹 | |
| Zhangzhou | 䆀 | |
| Zhao'an | 䆀, 孬 | |
| Tainan | 歹 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 䆀, 歹 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
| Datian | 歹 | |
| Chaozhou | 孬 | |
| Shantou | 孬 | |
| Jieyang | 孬, 歹 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 歹, 孬 | |
| Leizhou | 㾀 | |
| Wenchang | 㾀 | |
| Haikou | 㾀 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 㾀 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 壞, 恘 |
| Suzhou | 壞, 恘 | |
| Ningbo | 歪, 推扳, 嘸做 | |
| Wenzhou | 毛 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 壞, 拐 |
| Shuangfeng | 壞, 拐 | |
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 壞 | |
| Mandarin | Taiwan | 壞 |
| Malaysia | 壞 | |
| Singapore | 壞 | |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 壞 |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 壞 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 壞 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 壞 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 壞 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 壞 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 壞 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 壞 | |
| Min Nan | Taipei | 歹 GT |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
| Wu | Ningbo | 壞, 嘸做 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | |
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 難, 困難, 艱難 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 難, 困難, 艱難 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 難 |
| Taiwan | 難 | |
| Jinan | 難 | |
| Xi'an | 難 | |
| Wuhan | 難 | |
| Chengdu | 難 | |
| Guilin | 難 | |
| Yangzhou | 難 | |
| Hefei | 難 | |
| Singapore | 難 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 難, 惡 † |
| Hong Kong | 難, 惡 † | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 難 | |
| Taishan | 難, 惡 † | |
| Yangjiang | 難, 惡 † | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 難 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 難 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 難 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 難 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 難 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 難 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 難 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 難 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 難 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 難 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 難 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 艱難, 難 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 惡, 歹 †, 艱苦 |
| Quanzhou | 惡 | |
| Jinjiang | 難 | |
| Zhangzhou | 惡 | |
| Zhao'an | 惡, 䆀 † | |
| Dongshan | 惡 | |
| Taipei | 惡 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 惡 | |
| Kaohsiung | 惡 | |
| Yilan | 惡 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 惡 | |
| Taichung | 惡 | |
| Tainan | 惡, 歹 † | |
| Hsinchu | 惡 | |
| Kinmen | 惡 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 惡 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 艱苦, 歹 † | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 惡, 艱苦, 歹 † | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 艱苦, 歹 †, 惡 | |
| Chaozhou | 惡 | |
| Shantou | 難, 惡 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 惡 | |
| Jieyang | 惡, 艱苦 | |
| Haifeng | 惡 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 惡, 歹 † | |
| Wenchang | 惡 | |
| Haikou | 惡 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 惡 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 難 |
| Wenzhou | 難 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 難 |
| Shuangfeng | 難 | |
| Note | † - only used with a verbal complement | |
Compounds
歹 - Japanese
Kanji
歹
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
Readings
歹 - Korean
Hanja
歹 • (al, dae) (hangeul 알, 대, revised al, dae, McCune–Reischauer al, tae, Yale al, tay)