川

See also: 州, 巛, and 𫶧

川 - Translingual

Han character

川 (Kangxi radical 47, 巛+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 中中中 (LLL), four-corner 22000, composition ⿲丿丨丨)

Derived characters

𠆯, 𠯀, 圳, 汌, 𦘶, 杊, 𤆑, 㸪, 玔, 甽, 𥃹, 𥐣, 紃(𬘓), 𧈶, 𡔠, 訓(训), 𮙰, 䡅, 𫶨, 𪩢, 釧(钏), 馴(驯), 𩵙, 𩾧, 𦤸, 順(顺), 𡵅, 𡿫, 𪯠, 𣅕, 氚, 𫇨, 𤽃, 𥫨, 𥄊, 𥬂, 𪡢, 𩭁, 𨤅

Descendants

つ (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
ツ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)

川 - Chinese

simp. and trad.		川
alternative forms		巛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 川
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

	Old Chinese
川	*kʰjon
釧	*kʰjons
巛	*kʰuːn
巡	*sɢljun
馴	*sɢljun
紃	sɢljun, ɢljun
甽	kljuns, kʷeːnʔ
順	*ɢljuns
訓	*qʰuns

Pictogram (象形) – compare 水 (OC *qʰʷljilʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
- (Standard)
  - (Pinyin): chuān (chuan¹)
  - (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄢ
- (Chengdu, SP): cuan¹
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чүан (čüan, I)
Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cyun¹
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): cun¹
Gan (Wiktionary): con¹
Hakka
- (Sixian, PFS): chhôn
- (Meixian, Guangdong): con¹
Jin (Wiktionary): cuan¹
Min Bei (KCR): chṳ́ing
Min Dong (BUC): chuŏng
Min Nan
- (Hokkien, POJ): chhoan / chhng / chhuiⁿ
- (Teochew, Peng'im): cuang¹ / cuêng¹ / ceng¹
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹tshoe
Xiang (Wiktionary): qyenn¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chuān
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chuan
  - Wade–Giles: chʻuan¹
  - Yale: chwān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuan
  - Palladius: чуань (čuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰwän⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cuan¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cuan
  - Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuan⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чүан (čüan, I)
  - Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyæ̃²⁴/
  - (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cyun¹
  - Yale: chyūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: qun¹
  - Sinological IPA : /t͡ʃʰyːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: cun¹
  - Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰun³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: con¹
  - Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: con´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: con¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰon²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: con¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔn⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cuan¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuæ̃¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chṳ́ing
  - Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyiŋ⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chuŏng
  - Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoan
  - Tâi-lô: tshuan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoafn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuan³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhng
  - Tâi-lô: tshng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /t͡sʰŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Kinmen): /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhuiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tshuinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhvuy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan): /t͡sʰuĩ⁴⁴/

Note:

chhoan - literary;
chhng/chhuiⁿ - vernacular (only used in 尻川).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cuang¹ / cuêng¹ / ceng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuang / tshueng / tshṳng
  - Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuaŋ³³/, /t͡sʰueŋ³³/, /t͡sʰɯŋ³³/

Note:

cuang1/cuêng1 - literary (cuêng1 - Chaozhou);
ceng1 - vernacular (only used in 尻川).

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ¹tshoe
  - Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰø⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: qyenn¹
  - Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyẽ³³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕʰiuᴇn/

Rime
Character	川
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	昌緣切
Reconstructions
ZhengzhangShangfang	/t͡ɕʰiuᴇn/
PanWuyun	/t͡ɕʰʷiɛn/
ShaoRongfen	/t͡ɕʰjuæn/
EdwinPulleyblank	/cʰwian/
LiRong	/t͡ɕʰiuɛn/
WangLi	/t͡ɕʰĭwɛn/
BernardKarlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cyun¹

Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.l̥u[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰjon/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	川
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuān
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhwen ›
Old Chinese	/*t.l̥u[n]/ (MC -jwen is irregular)
English	stream, river
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	川
Reading #	1/1
No.	1628
Phonetic component	川
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	穿
Old Chinese	/*kʰjon/

Definitions

川

river; stream; brook
- 川流不息 ― chuānliúbùxī ― to flow continuously
Short for 四川 (Sìchuān, “Sichuan Province, China”).
- 川菜 ― chuāncài ― Sichuan cuisine
plain
- 平川 ― píngchuān ― plain
road
Synonym of 汆 (cuān, “to boil food for a short time in boiled water”).
Alternative form of 穿 (chuān).
(Internet slang) Short for 川普 (Chuānpǔ, “Donald Trump”).
- 挺川 ― tǐngchuān ― to support Donald Trump
- 川粉 ― chuānfěn ― Trumpster
a surname

Compounds

三川
中川 (Zhōngchuān)
伊川 (Yīchuān)
八水三川
冰川 (bīngchuān)
利川 (Lìchuān)
名山大川
四川 (Sìchuān)
均川 (Jūnchuān)
大川 (dàchuān)
大金川
婺川
小川 (Xiǎochuān)
山川 (shānchuān)
川土
川堂
川崎 (Chuānqí)
川崎症
川底下 (Chuāndǐxià)
川店 (Chuāndiàn)
川柳
川椒
川流
川流不息 (chuānliúbùxī)
川芎 (chuānxiōng)
巨川
常川 (chángchuān)

平川 (píngchuān)
德川 (Déchuān)
梅川 (Méichuān)
汶川 (Wènchuān)
河川 (héchuān)
流血成川
淅川 (Xīchuān)
百川 (bǎichuān)
眠川
秦川
秦川女
跋山涉川
跋涉山川
逝川
邢川 (Xíngchuān)
金川 (Jīnchuān)
防川 (Fángchuān, “Fangchuan”)
麓川
川后
一馬平川／一马平川 (yīmǎpíngchuān)
信濃川／信浓川
吳川／吴川 (Wúchuān)
大陸冰川／大陆冰川
川劇／川剧 (chuānjù)
川渟嶽峙／川渟岳峙
川澤／川泽
川澤納汙／川泽纳污

川瀆／川渎
川穀／川谷
川貝／川贝
川費／川费 (chuānfèi)
川資／川资 (chuānzī)
川軍／川军
川連／川连
川陸／川陆
川鹽／川盐
河川襲奪／河川袭夺
漢川／汉川 (Hànchuān)
潁川／颍川 (Yǐngchuān)
百川學海／百川学海
百川歸海／百川归海 (bǎichuānguīhǎi)
盤川／盘川 (pánchuān)
眾川赴海／众川赴海
臨川羨魚／临川羡鱼
芥川賞／芥川赏
荊川集／荆川集
輞川／辋川 (Wǎngchuān)
銀川／银川 (Yínchuān)
鎮川／镇川 (Zhènchuān)
長川／长川 (chángchuān)
陸川／陆川 (Lùchuān)
雲貴川／云贵川 (Yúnguìchuān)
靈川／灵川 (Língchuān)

川 - Japanese

Kanji

川

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

river

Readings

Go-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
Kun: かわ (kawa, 川, Jōyō)^{←かは (kafa, historical)}
Nanori: か (ka); こ (ko); さわ (sawa)

Compounds

川(かわ)上(かみ) (kawakami, “upstream”)
川(かわ)下(しも) (kawashimo, “downstream”)
川(かわ)岸(ぎし) (kawagishi, “river bank”)
川(かわ)口(ぐち) (kawaguchi, “mouth of river”)
川(かわ)崎(さき) (Kawasaki, “Kawasaki”)
川(かわ)瀬(せ) (kawase, “rapids”)
川(かわ)蝉(せみ) (kawasemi, “kingfisher”)
川(かわ)端(ばた) (kawabata, “riverbank”)
川(かわ)縁(ぶち) (kawabuchi), 川(かわ)縁(べり) (kawaberi, “riverside”)
川(かわ)獺(うそ) (kawauso, “otter”)
川(かわ)嫁(よめ) (kawayome, “river nymph”)
川(かわ)原(ら) (kawara, “riparian plain, flats alongside a river”)
川(せん)柳(りゅう) (senryū, “comic haiku”)
小(お)川(がわ) (ogawa, “brook”)
河(か)川(せん) (kasen, “rivers”)
山(さん)川(せん) (sansen, “mountains and rivers”)
滝(たき)川(がわ) (takigawa, “rapids”)
谷(たに)川(がわ) (tanigawa, “mountain stream”)
堀(ほり)川(かわ) (horikawa, “canal”)
淀(よど)川(がわ) (Yodogawa, “Yodogawa River”)
川(かわ)下(くだ)り (kawakudari, “going downstream”)
川(かわ)沿(ぞ)い (kawazoi, “along the river”)
ドン川(がわ) (Don-gawa, “Don River”)
天(あま)の川(がわ) (Ama no gawa, “Milky Way”)
江(え)戸(ど)川(がわ) (Edogawa, “Edo River”)
角(かど)川(かわ) (Kadokawa, “surname”)
河(か)川(せん)敷(しき) (kasenshiki, “riverbed”)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かわ [kàwáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
IPA: [ka̠ɰᵝa̠]

(Kagoshima) IPA: [ko̞ː]

Noun

川(かわ) • (kawa) ^{←かは (kafa)^?}

river, stream, brook

Alternative forms

Synonyms

河(か)川(せん) (kasen)

川 - Korean

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰʌ̹n]
Phonetic hangul: [천]

Hanja

川 (eumhun 내 천 (nae cheon))

Hanja form^? of 천 (“river; stream”). [affix]

Compounds

산천 (山川, sancheon)
인천 (仁川, ^incheon)
천렵 (川獵, cheollyeop)
하천 (河川, hacheon)

川 - Vietnamese

Han character

川: Hán Nôm readings: xuyên