字
字 - Translingual
Han character
字 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十弓木 (JND), four-corner 30407, composition ⿱宀子)
Derived characters
字 - Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 字 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 字 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zlɯs) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ, “child”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zi6
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): du5
- Gan (Wiktionary): ci2
- Hakka
- (Sixian, PFS): sṳ
- (Meixian, Guangdong): si4
- Jin (Wiktionary): zi3
- Min Bei (KCR): cī
- Min Dong (BUC): cê
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): 3zr
- Xiang (Wiktionary): zr4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zì
- Zhuyin: ㄗˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zìh
- Wade–Giles: tzŭ4
- Yale: dz̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyh
- Palladius: цзы (czy)
- Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zìr
- Zhuyin: ㄗˋㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zìhr
- Wade–Giles: tzŭ4-ʼrh
- Yale: dzìr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzell
- Palladius: цзыр (czyr)
- Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩ɻ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zi4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
- Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зы (zɨ, III)
- Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zi6
- Yale: jih
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi6
- Guangdong Romanization: ji6
- Sinological IPA : /t͡siː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: du5
- Sinological IPA : /tu³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ci2
- Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
- Hakka Romanization System: sii
- Hagfa Pinyim: si4
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: si4
- Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zi3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cī
- Sinological IPA : /t͡si⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cê
- Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛi²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Taipei, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī
- Tâi-lô: lī
- Phofsit Daibuun: li
- IPA (Taipei): /li³³/
- IPA (Hui'an): /li²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /li⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /li²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Magong, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jī
- Tâi-lô: jī
- Phofsit Daibuun: ji
- IPA (Penang): /d͡ʑi²¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑi³³/
- IPA (Zhangpu, Tainan, Yilan): /d͡ʑi³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑi²²/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǐ
- Tâi-lô: lǐ
- IPA (Lukang): /li³³/
- (Hokkien: Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī
- Tâi-lô: gī
- Phofsit Daibuun: gi
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū
- Tâi-lô: tsū
- Phofsit Daibuun: zu
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr
- Tâi-lô: tsīr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁴¹/
- IPA (Hui'an): /t͡sɯ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chī
- Tâi-lô: tsī
- Phofsit Daibuun: ci
- IPA (Jinjiang): /t͡ɕi⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jū
- Tâi-lô: jū
- Phofsit Daibuun: ju
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zu²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Taipei, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
Note:
- lī/jī/lǐ/gī - vernacular;
- chū/chīr/chī/jū - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ri7 / re6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jī / jṳ̆
- Sinological IPA : /d͡zi¹¹/, /d͡zɯ³⁵/
- (Teochew)
Note: re6 - Chinese-style name, “to be allow to marry”.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: 3zr
- Sinological IPA : /z̥z̩²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: zr4
- Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit 字 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡sz̩⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /t͡sz̩⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ye⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡sz̩²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡sz̩⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡sz̩³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /t͡sz̩²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡sz̩¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡sz̩¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡sz̩²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sz̩³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡sz̩¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡sz̩²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡sz̩²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡sz̩⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡sz̩³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zz̩²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zz̩³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zz̩¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zz̩²²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰz̩²²/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/ /t͡sz̩¹¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /d͡zz̩²¹/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰz̩²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sz̩⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /sï⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡si²²/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sz̩²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡si²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /t͡su²²/ /li²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /t͡sɛi²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡si⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /zi³¹/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /t͡si³³/ /tu²³/ 訓書 |
- Middle Chinese: /d͡zɨH/
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 字 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 疾置切 |
| Baxter | dziH |
| Reconstructions | |
| ZhengzhangShangfang | /d͡zɨH/ |
| PanWuyun | /d͡zɨH/ |
| ShaoRongfen | /d͡zieH/ |
| EdwinPulleyblank | /d͡zɨH/ |
| LiRong | /d͡ziəH/ |
| WangLi | /d͡zĭəH/ |
| BernardKarlgren | /d͡zʱiH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi6 |
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-dzə(ʔ)-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zlɯs/
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 字 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dziH › |
| Old Chinese | /*mə-dzə(ʔ)-s/ |
| English | breed, love (v.); character |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 字 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17864 |
| Phonetic component | 子 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 字 |
| Old Chinese | /*zlɯs/ |
| Notes | 子分化字 |
Definitions
字
- letter; symbol; character, especially a Chinese character (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 c)
- word; term; wording; diction
- (computing) word
- handwriting; writing
- (historical) courtesy name; Chinese-style name (a name traditionally given to Chinese males at the age of 20 and females at the age of 15)
- (historical) to style; to give someone a courtesy name
- (calligraphy) style of handwriting; printing type
- (calligraphy) (a calligrapher's) calligraphy work
- written letter; message; correspondence
- receipt; contract; slip
- pronunciation of a character; pronunciation
- (colloquial) side of a coin with written characters; tails
- (Cantonese, Min, Malaysia, Singapore) five minutes (derived from the locations of 1 to 12 on a clock face) (Classifier: 個／个 m c)
- † to give birth to; to deliver a baby; to bring into the world
- † to be pregnant; to be carrying a baby
- † (historical, of a girl) to be betrothed; to be allowed to marry
- † to bring up; to raise; to rear (a child)
- (obsolete or Guzhang Waxiang) to love; to cherish; to care very much for
- (Luxi Waxiang) to envy; to be jealous of; to admire
- † to educate; to teach; to instruct
- † to govern; to administer
- a surname
Synonyms
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 字 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 字兒 |
| Taiwan | 字 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 字 | |
| Wanrong | 字 | |
| Xi'an | 字 | |
| Lanzhou | 字兒 | |
| Singapore | 字 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 字 |
| Hong Kong | 字 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 字 | |
| Gan | Lichuan | 字 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 字 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 字 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 字 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 字 |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 字 | |
| Chaozhou | 字 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 字 | |
| Leizhou | 字 | |
| Haikou | 字 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 字 |
| Ningbo | 字 | |
| Wenzhou | 字 | |
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 好, 喜好, 愛好, 字 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 喜歡, 喜愛, 喜好, 愛好 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 喜歡, 好希, 稀罕, 愛 |
| Taiwan | 喜歡, 愛 | |
| Jinan | 喜歡 | |
| Xi'an | 喜歡, 愛 | |
| Wuhan | 喜歡, 愛 | |
| Chengdu | 喜歡, 歡喜, 愛 | |
| Chongqing | 喜歡, 歡喜 | |
| Guilin | 喜歡 | |
| Yangzhou | 歡喜 | |
| Hefei | 喜歡 | |
| Malaysia | 喜歡 | |
| Singapore | 喜歡 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 中意, 歡喜 |
| Hong Kong | 中意, 好 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 中意 | |
| Macau | 中意 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 中意 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 中意 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 中意 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 中意 | |
| Foshan | 中意 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 中意 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 中意 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 中意 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 中意 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 歡喜, 中意 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 中意 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 中意 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 中意 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 中意 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 中意 | |
| Taishan | 中意 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 爽心, 中意 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 中意 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 中意 | |
| Dongguan | 中意 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 中意 | |
| Yangjiang | 中意, 歡喜 | |
| Beihai | 中意 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 中意 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 中意, 喜歡 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 中意 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 中意, 蘇格 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 中意 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 中意 | |
| Móng Cái | 中意 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 歡喜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 中意, 好 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 中意 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 中意 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 中意 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 中意 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 歡喜 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 中意, 好 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 中意, 好 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 中意, 好 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 中意, 合意, 好 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 中意, 好 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 佮意, 愛 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 中意 | |
| Kuching (Hepo) | 蘇格 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 喜歡, 待見 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 愛, 喜歡 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 歡喜, 中意, 愛 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 歡喜, 意愛, 愛, 佮意, 舒合 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 佮意 | |
| Quanzhou | 歡喜, 意愛, 愛, 佮意 | |
| Shishi | 佮意 | |
| Zhangzhou | 歡喜, 愛, 佮意 | |
| Tainan | 佮意, 意愛, 愛 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 舒合, 愛 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 舒合, 愛 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 愛, 佮意 | |
| Chaozhou | 歡喜, 愛, 喜歡 | |
| Shantou | 歡喜 | |
| Shantou (Chaoyang) | 好, 尚, 喜歡 | |
| Jieyang | 歡喜, 愛, 好, 尚, 喜歡 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 喜歡 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 舒合 | |
| Wenchang | 歡喜 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 中意 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 字 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 歡喜 |
| Suzhou | 歡喜 | |
| Ningbo | 歡喜, 看相, 中意 dated | |
| Wenzhou | 喜歡 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 喜歡 |
| Shuangfeng | 喜歡 | |
Compounds
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Descendants
Others:
字 - Japanese
Kanji
字
(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) じ [jíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
- IPA: [d͡ʑi]
Noun
字 • (ji)
Derived terms
- 永字 (eiji)
- 十字 (jūji, “cross”)
- 字解 (jikai)
- 字義 (jigi, “the meaning of a word”)
- 字源 (jigen, “the construction of a character”)
- 字体 (jitai, “font or lettering”)
- 字典 (jiten, “character dictionary”)
- 字母 (jibo, “letter (of the alphabet)”)
- 漢字 (kanji, “Chinese characters”)
- 漢字返し (kanjigaeshi, “kanji repeater”)
- 文字 (moji, “letter, character, or ideograph”)
- 字引 (jibiki, “dictionary”)
- 数字 (sūji, “numeral or number”)
- 字訳 (jiyaku)
- 二字 (niji, “two characters”)
- 大字 (daiji, “a large character”)
Counter
字 • (-ji)
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) あざ [áꜜzà] (Atamadaka – [1])
- IPA: [a̠za̠]
Noun
字 • (aza)
Derived terms
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) あざな [àzáná] (Heiban – [0])
- IPA: [a̠za̠na̠]
Noun
字 • (azana)
字 - Korean
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕa̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [자]
Hanja
Compounds
- 글자 (글字, geulja)
- 적자 (赤字, jeokja)
- 한자 (漢字, hanja)
- 숫자 (數字, sutja)
- 동자 (同字, dongja)
- 속자 (俗字, sokja)
- 본자 (本字, bonja)
- 고자 (古字, goja)
- 약자 (略字, yakja)
- 파자 (破字, paja)
- 자구 (字句, jagu)
- 자음 (字音, ja'eum)
- 자형 (字形, jahyeong)
- 흑자 (黑字, heukja)
- 자의 (字義, jaui)
- 서자 (書字, seoja)
- 자학 (字學, jahak)
- 채자 (採字, chaeja)
- 오자 (誤字, oja)
- 자훈 (字訓, jahun)
- 자원 (字源, jawon)
- 자서 (字書, jaseo)
- 국자 (國字, gukja)
- 점자 (點字, jeomja)
- 자림 (字林, jarim)
- 정자 (正字, jeongja)
- 자모 (字母, jamo)
- 자휘 (字彙, jahwi)
- 팔자 (八字, palja)
- 자막 (字幕, jamak)
- 활자 (活字, hwalja)
- 자간 (字間, jagan)
- 와자 (訛字, waja)
- 각자 (刻字, gakja)
- 자보 (字譜, jabo)
- 자면 (字面, jamyeon)
- 음자 (音字, eumja)
- 자체 (字體, jache)
- 주자 (鑄字, juja)
- 자수 (字數, jasu)
- 차자 (借字, chaja)
- 만자 (卍字, manja)
- 문자 (文字, munja)
- 자해 (字解, jahae)
- 천자문 (千字文, cheonjamun)
- 간체자 (簡體字, gancheja)
- 번체자 (繁體字, beoncheja)
- 항렬자 (行列字, hangnyeolja)
- 십자수 (十字繡, sipjasu)
- 십자가 (十字架, sipjaga)
- 십자군 (十字軍, sipjagun)
- 적십자 (赤十字, jeoksipja)