厄
See also: 阨
厄 - Translingual
Han character
厄 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一尸山 (MSU), four-corner 71212, composition ⿸厂㔾)
Derived characters
厄 - Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 厄 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
- Etymology 1 and 3
- See 戹.
- Etymology 2
- Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲) : phonetic 厂 + semantic 卩 (“joint”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ak
- Min Dong (BUC): áik
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): 5ngeq
- Xiang (Wiktionary): nge6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: è
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: è
- Wade–Giles: o4
- Yale: è
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nge2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nge
- Sinological IPA : /ŋɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: aak1, ak1
- Yale: āak, āk
- Cantonese Pinyin: aak7, ak7
- Guangdong Romanization: ag1, eg1
- Sinological IPA : /aːk̚⁵/, /ɐk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ak2
- Sinological IPA : /ak̚⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ak
- Hakka Romanization System: ag`
- Hagfa Pinyim: ag5
- Sinological IPA: /ak̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: áik
- Sinological IPA : /aiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eh
- Tâi-lô: eh
- Phofsit Daibuun: eq
- IPA (Quanzhou): /eʔ⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /eʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
- Tâi-lô: ik
- Phofsit Daibuun: eg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
- Tâi-lô: iak
- Phofsit Daibuun: iag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- eh - vernacular;
- iak/ek - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: êh4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: eh
- Sinological IPA : /eʔ²/
- (Teochew)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: 5ngeq
- Sinological IPA : /ŋəʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: nge6
- Sinological IPA : /ŋɤ̞²⁴/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit 厄 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɤ⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /ɤ⁴⁴/ /nɤ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /nɤ⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /ŋə⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɣə⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɛ⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /ŋɤ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ȵi⁴⁴/ /nɛ⁴⁴/ 新 | |
| Yinchuan | /ə¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɛ¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /kɤ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ŋɤ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ŋe³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ŋɛ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ə³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /əʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /ʐɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɣaʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | ||
| Hohhot | /ŋaʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ŋəʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /ŋəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ʔɑʔ⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /a²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ŋɛʔ²¹/ |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | /ŋə²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ŋæ²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ak̚¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ɑk̚²²/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ak̚⁵/ |
| Nanning | /ŋɐk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /ak̚⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /ik̚³²/ /eʔ³²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /aiʔ²³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ŋɛ⁴²/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /eʔ²/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ŋɔk̚⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: /ʔˠɛk̚/
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 厄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 耕 (119) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 於革切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| ZhengzhangShangfang | /ʔˠɛk̚/ |
| PanWuyun | /ʔᵚæk̚/ |
| ShaoRongfen | /ʔɐk̚/ |
| EdwinPulleyblank | /ʔəɨjk̚/ |
| LiRong | /ʔɛk̚/ |
| WangLi | /æk̚/ |
| BernardKarlgren | /ʔæk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | e |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ak1 |
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤ<r>[i]k/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qreːɡ/
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 厄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | è |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔɛk › |
| Old Chinese | /*qˁ<r>[i]k/ |
| English | part of a yoke |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 厄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2707 |
| Phonetic component | 戹 |
| Rime group | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 戹 |
| Old Chinese | /*qreːɡ/ |
| Notes | 同戹 |
Definitions
厄
- harrowing; miserable
- disaster; calamity; catastrophe
- adversity; difficulty; distress
- to be stranded
- strategic point
- Alternative form of 軛／轭 (è, “yoke”).
Synonyms
- (harrowing):
edit
- (disaster):
edit
|
- (adversity):
edit
Compounds
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: ě
- Zhuyin: ㄜˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ě
- Wade–Giles: o3
- Yale: ě
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ee
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: è
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: è
- Wade–Giles: o4
- Yale: è
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
厄
- ‡ Used in科厄.
Pronunciation
- Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): oh4
- Min Nan
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: oh4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: oh
- Sinological IPA : /oʔ²/
- (Teochew)
Definitions
厄
- (Teochew) hard; difficult; challenging
Synonyms
edit
厄 - Japanese
Kanji
厄
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
Readings
Noun
厄 • (yaku)