ṯw

See also: tw, TW, tw., .tw, and t.w.

ṯw - Egyptian

Pronunciation

  • (modern Egyptological) IPA: /t͡ʃuː/
    • Conventional anglicization: tju

Pronoun

 m sg 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

  1. you (see usage notes)

Usage notes

By the time of Late Egyptian, this pronoun was no longer strictly masculine but common to both genders.

This form of pronoun is an enclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:

  • When it follows a verb, it indicates the object of the verb.
  • In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms the subject of an adjectival sentence.
  • When it follows a relative adjective, such as ntj, ntt, or jsṯ, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
  • When it follows an imperative, it indicates the object of the verb.
  • When it follows a particle like m.k, it indicates the subject of the clause.
  • When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.

Inflection

number first person second person third person
masculine feminine masculine feminine
suffix pronouns singular , .j .k, .kj1 .ṯ, .ṯn .f, .fj1 .s, .sj1
dual .nj .ṯnj .snj
plural .n .ṯn .sn
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns singular w, wj, wy kw, k, ṯw, ṯm, ṯn sw, s s
dual ṯnj snj
plural n ṯn sn
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns singular jnk ṯwt ṯmt swt stt
dual ntsnj
plural ntṯn ntsn, jntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings singular .kj, .k .tj, .t , .j .tj, .t
dual .tjwn .wy, .wj .ty
plural .wn, .nw , .w, .y, .wy .tj, .t
  1. Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
number first person second person third person
masculine feminine masculine feminine
suffix pronouns singular , .j .k, .kj1 .ṯ, .t .f, .fj1 .s, .sj1
dual2 .nj .ṯnj, .tnj .snj
plural .n .ṯn, .tn .sn, .w3
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns singular wj, w ṯw, tw ṯn, tn sw, st sj, s, st
plural n ṯn, tn sn, st
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns singular jnk ntk, ṯwt2 ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2 ntf, swt2 nts, swt2
plural jnn3 ntṯn, nttn ntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings singular .kw .tj, .t, .tw3 , .w .tj, .t, .tw3
plural .wn, .wjn .tjwn, .tjwnj , .w, .y
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3 singular tw.j tw.k tw.t sw sj, st
plural tw.n tw.tn st
  1. Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
  2. Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
  3. Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.
number first person second person third person
masculine feminine masculine feminine
suffix pronouns singular , .j .k, .kw .t .f, .fj .s, .st, .sw
plural .n .tn, .twn .w, .sn1
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1 singular wj tw, tj sw, st
plural n, wn twn sn, st
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns singular jnk mntk, mtwk mntt, mtwy mntf mntst, mntjst
plural jnn mnttn mntw
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1 singular .kw, .k .tj, .tw , .w, .y .tj, .tw
plural .nw .tn , .w, .y
unmarked (later) , .tw
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns singular tw.j tw.k tw.t sw st, sw
plural tw.n tw.tn st, sw, swt
  1. Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.

Alternative forms

ṯw tw tw tw tj
when used in reference to a feminine
Meaning and Definition of ṯw
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