ṯw
ṯw - Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA: /t͡ʃuː/
- Conventional anglicization: tju
Pronoun
m sg 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
- you (see usage notes)
Usage notes
By the time of Late Egyptian, this pronoun was no longer strictly masculine but common to both genders.
This form of pronoun is an enclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:
- When it follows a verb, it indicates the object of the verb.
- In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms the subject of an adjectival sentence.
- When it follows a relative adjective, such as ntj, ntt, or jsṯ, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
- When it follows an imperative, it indicates the object of the verb.
- When it follows a particle like m.k, it indicates the subject of the clause.
- When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.
Inflection
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .k, .kj1 | .ṯ, .ṯn | .f, .fj1 | .s, .sj1 |
dual | .nj | .ṯnj | .snj | |||
plural | .n | .ṯn | .sn | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | w, wj, wy | kw, k, ṯw, ṯ | ṯm, ṯn | sw, s | s |
dual | — | ṯnj | snj | |||
plural | n | ṯn | sn | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk | ṯwt | ṯmt | swt | stt |
dual | — | — | ntsnj | |||
plural | — | ntṯn | ntsn, jntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kj, .k | .tj, .t | ∅, .j | .tj, .t | |
dual | — | .tjwn | .wy, .wj | .ty | ||
plural | .wn, .nw | ∅, .w, .y, .wy | .tj, .t | |||
|
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .k, .kj1 | .ṯ, .t | .f, .fj1 | .s, .sj1 |
dual2 | .nj | .ṯnj, .tnj | .snj | |||
plural | .n | .ṯn, .tn | .sn, .w3 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | wj, w | ṯw, tw | ṯn, tn | sw, st | sj, s, st |
plural | n | ṯn, tn | sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk | ntk, ṯwt2 | ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2 | ntf, swt2 | nts, swt2 |
plural | jnn3 | ntṯn, nttn | ntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kw | .tj, .t, .tw3 | ∅, .w | .tj, .t, .tw3 | |
plural | .wn, .wjn | .tjwn, .tjwnj | ∅, .w, .y | |||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3 | singular | tw.j | tw.k | tw.t | sw | sj, st |
plural | tw.n | tw.tn | st | |||
|
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .k, .kw | .t | .f, .fj | .s, .st, .sw |
plural | .n | .tn, .twn | .w, .sn1 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1 | singular | wj | tw, tj | sw, st | ||
plural | n, wn | twn | sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk | mntk, mtwk | mntt, mtwy | mntf | mntst, mntjst |
plural | jnn | mnttn | mntw | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1 | singular | .kw, .k | .tj, .tw | ∅, .w, .y | .tj, .tw | |
plural | .nw | .tn | ∅, .w, .y | |||
unmarked (later) | ∅, .tw | |||||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns | singular | tw.j | tw.k | tw.t | sw | st, sw |
plural | tw.n | tw.tn | st, sw, swt | |||
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