ṯnj
ṯnj - Egyptian
Pronunciation
( modern Egyptological ) IPA: /t͡ʃɛni/
Conventional anglicization: tjeni
For the Adverb:
( reconstructed ) IPA: /ˈcaːnaj/ → /ˈtaːnaj/ → /ˈtoːn/
( Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE ) IPA: /ˈcaːnaj/
( Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE ) IPA: /ˈtaːnaj/
( Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE ) IPA: /ˈtoːn/
Pronoun
du 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
you two (see usage notes)
Usage notes
This form of pronoun is an enclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:
When it follows a verb, it indicates the object of the verb.
In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms the subject of an adjectival sentence.
When it follows a relative adjective, such as ntj , ntt , or jsṯ , it indicates the subject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
When it follows an imperative, it indicates the object of the verb.
When it follows a particle like m .k , it indicates the subject of the clause.
When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.
Inflection
Old Egyptian personal pronouns
number
first person
second person
third person
masculine
feminine
masculine
feminine
suffix pronouns
singular
∅ , .j
.k , .kj 1
.ṯ , .ṯn
.f , .fj 1
.s , .sj 1
dual
.nj
.ṯnj
.snj
plural
.n
.ṯn
.sn
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns
singular
w , wj , wy
kw , k , ṯw , ṯ
ṯm , ṯn
sw , s
s
dual
—
ṯnj
snj
plural
n
ṯn
sn
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns
singular
jnk
ṯwt
ṯmt
swt
stt
dual
—
—
ntsnj
plural
—
ntṯn
ntsn , jntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings
singular
.kj , .k
.tj , .t
∅ , .j
.tj , .t
dual
—
.tjwn
.wy , .wj
.ty
plural
.wn , .nw
∅ , .w , .y , .wy
.tj , .t
Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
number
first person
second person
third person
masculine
feminine
masculine
feminine
suffix pronouns
singular
∅ , .j
.k , .kj 1
.ṯ , .t
.f , .fj 1
.s , .sj 1
dual2
.nj
.ṯnj , .tnj
.snj
plural
.n
.ṯn , .tn
.sn , .w 3
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns
singular
wj , w
ṯw , tw
ṯn , tn
sw , st
sj , s , st
plural
n
ṯn , tn
sn , st
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns
singular
jnk
ntk , ṯwt 2
ntṯ , ntt , ṯwt 2
ntf , swt 2
nts , swt 2
plural
jnn 3
ntṯn , nttn
ntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings
singular
.kw
.tj , .t , .tw 3
∅ , .w
.tj , .t , .tw 3
plural
.wn , .wjn
.tjwn , .tjwnj
∅ , .w , .y
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3
singular
tw.j
tw.k
tw.t
sw
sj , st
plural
tw.n
tw.tn
st
Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian ) texts.
Late Egyptian personal pronouns
number
first person
second person
third person
masculine
feminine
masculine
feminine
suffix pronouns
singular
∅ , .j
.k , .kw
.t
.f , .fj
.s , .st , .sw
plural
.n
.tn , .twn
.w , .sn 1
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1
singular
wj
tw , tj
sw , st
plural
n , wn
twn
sn , st
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns
singular
jnk
mntk, mtwk
mntt, mtwy
mntf
mntst, mntjst
plural
jnn
mnttn
mntw
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1
singular
.kw , .k
.tj , .tw
∅ , .w , .y
.tj , .tw
plural
.nw
.tn
∅ , .w , .y
unmarked (later)
∅ , .tw
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns
singular
tw.j
tw.k
tw.t
sw
st , sw
plural
tw.n
tw.tn
st , sw , swt
Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
Proper noun
?
Thinis
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯnj
Descendants
→ Ancient Greek: Θίνις ( Thínis )
Coptic: ⲧⲓⲛ ( tin )
Adverb
interrogative
where ?
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯnj
Verb
3ae inf.
( transitive ) to lift up , to elevate
( transitive ) to distinguish (+ r : to distinguish (something) from (something else))
( intransitive ) to be(come) distinguished or elevated
Inflection
Conjugation of ṯnj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ṯn , geminated stem: ṯnn
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ṯnt, ṯnj
ṯnw , ṯn
ṯnt, ṯnwt , ṯnyt
ṯn
ṯn , ṯny
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
ṯn 8 , ṯnn8
ḥr ṯnt, ḥr ṯnj
m ṯnt, m ṯnj
r ṯnt, r ṯnj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
ṯn.n
ṯnw , ṯn , ṯny
consecutive
ṯn.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
ṯnt, ṯnyt
perfective 3
ṯn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
ṯn.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
ṯn , ṯny
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
ṯnw , ṯn , ṯny
ṯnw , ṯn , ṯny
potentialis1
ṯn.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
ṯn , ṯny
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
ṯn.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
ṯnw 1 , ṯny, ṯn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ṯn
ṯny, ṯn
imperfective
ṯnn, ṯnny, ṯnnw5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ṯnn, ṯnnj6 , ṯnny6
ṯnn, ṯnnw5
prospective
ṯnw 1 , ṯny, ṯn , ṯntj7
—
ṯnwtj1 4 , ṯntj4 , ṯnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯnj
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