स
स - Translingual
Pronunciation
- IPA: /sə/ (may vary by language)
Letter
स (sa)
- The third sibilant of the Devanagari script. Linguistically it is considered an alveolar sibilant.
स - Dhivehi
Pronunciation
- IPA: [s̺ə]
Letter
स • (sa)
- The seventeenth consonant in Dhivehi, written in Devanagari
स - Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA: /sə/, [s̪ə]
Letter
स • (sa)
स - Konkani
Alternative forms
- सो (so)
Numeral
स - Marathi
Pronunciation
- IPA: /sə/
Letter
स • (sa)
स - Nepali
Pronunciation
- IPA: [sʌ]
- Phonetic Devanagari: स
Letter
स • (sa)
स - Pali
Alternative forms
Pronoun
स
- Devanagari script form of sa
Adjective
स
Noun
स
स - Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
- ᬲ (Balinese script)
- স (Assamese script)
- স (Bengali script)
- 𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌸 (Grantha script)
- સ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦱ (Javanese script)
- ស (Khmer script)
- ಸ (Kannada script)
- ສ (Lao script)
- സ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘭 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᠰᠠ (Manchu script)
- သ (Burmese script)
- 𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳 (Newa script)
- ସ (Oriya script)
- ꢱ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭 (Siddham script)
- ස (Sinhalese script)
- స (Telugu script)
- ส (Thai script)
- ས (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA: /sɐ/
- (Classical) IPA: /s̪ɐ/
- (Vedic) IPA: /sɐ́/
- (Classical) IPA: /s̪ɐ/
Letter
स • (sa)
- the last of the three sibilants, /s/
Noun
स • (sá) ?
Noun
स • (sá) ?
Noun
स • (sá) m
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of स (sá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सः sáḥ | सौ saú | साः / सासः¹ sā́ḥ / sā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | स sá | सौ saú | साः / सासः¹ sā́ḥ / sā́saḥ¹ |
| Accusative | सम् sám | सौ saú | सान् sā́n |
| Instrumental | सेन séna | साभ्याम् sā́bhyām | सैः / सेभिः¹ saíḥ / sébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | साय sā́ya | साभ्याम् sā́bhyām | सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | सात् sā́t | साभ्याम् sā́bhyām | सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | सस्य sásya | सयोः sáyoḥ | सानाम् sā́nām |
| Locative | से sé | सयोः sáyoḥ | सेषु séṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Noun
स • (sa) n
- knowledge
- meditation
- a carriage road
- a fence
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of स (sá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सम् sám | से sé | सानि / सा¹ sā́ni / sā́¹ |
| Vocative | स sá | से sé | सानि / सा¹ sā́ni / sā́¹ |
| Accusative | सम् sám | से sé | सानि / सा¹ sā́ni / sā́¹ |
| Instrumental | सेन séna | साभ्याम् sā́bhyām | सैः / सेभिः¹ saíḥ / sébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | साय sā́ya | साभ्याम् sā́bhyām | सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | सात् sā́t | साभ्याम् sā́bhyām | सेभ्यः sébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | सस्य sásya | सयोः sáyoḥ | सानाम् sā́nām |
| Locative | से sé | सयोः sáyoḥ | सेषु séṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Adjective
स • (sá)
Pronoun
स • (sá) m
Usage notes
The final s of the nominative m sás is dropped before all consonants (except before /p/ in RV. v, 2, 4, and before /t/ in RV. viii, 33, 16) and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of visarga. sa occasionally blends with another vowel (as in saī*ṣaḥ) and it is often for emphasis connected with another pronoun as with अहम् (aham), त्वम् (tvam), एष (eṣa), अयम् (ayam) etc.
- सो ऽहम्स त्वम् ― so ʼhamsa tvam ― I (or thou) that very person; cf. under तद् (tád)
The verb then following in the 1st and 2nd person even if aham or tvam be omitted
- स त्वा पृच्छामि ― sa tvā pṛcchāmi ― I that very person ask you
- स वै नो ब्रूहि ― sa vai no brūhi ― do thou tell us
Similarly, to denote emphasis, with भवान् (bhavān)
- स भावन् विजयाय प्रतिष्ठताम् ― sa bhāvan vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām ― let your Highness set out for victory
It sometimes (and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas) stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a relatve pronoun or adverb such as य (ya), यद् (yad), यदि (yadi), यथा (yathā), चेद् (ce*d); in this position sa may be used pleonastically or as a kind of indeclinable, even where another gender or number is required
- स यदि स्थावरा आपो भनन्ति ― sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti ― if those waters are stagnant
In the Sāṃkhya sa, like एष (eṣa), क (ka), and य (ya), is used to denote पुरुष (puruṣa), "the Universal Soul".
The locative singular form सस्मिन् (sasmin) is primarily used in the Rigveda.
Declension
| Declension of स | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | सः, स (saḥ, sa) | ||
| Gen. sg. | तस्य (tasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सः, स (saḥ, sa) | तौ (tau) | ते (te) |
| Vocative | — | — | — |
| Accusative | तम् (tam) | तौ (tau) | तान् (tān) |
| Instrumental | तेन (tena) | ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) | तैः (taiḥ) |
| Dative | तस्मै (tasmai) | ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) | तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | तस्मात्, ततः (tasmāt, tataḥ) | ताभ्याम् , ततः (tābhyām , tataḥ) | तेभ्यः, ततः (tebhyaḥ, tataḥ) |
| Genitive | तस्य (tasya) | तयोः (tayoḥ) | तेषाम् (teṣām) |
| Locative | तस्मिन्, सस्मिन् (tasmin, sasmin) | तयोः (tayoḥ) | तेषु (teṣu) |
Descendants
Prefix
स • (sa)
- an inseparable prefix expressing "junction", "conjunction", "possession" (as opposed to a privative), "similarity", "equality"
- when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by "with", "together or along with", "accompanied by", "added to", "having", "possessing", "containing", "having the same"
- सकोप (sa-kopa) — full of anger, enraged, displeased
- साग्नि (sā*gni) — together with the fire
- सभार्य (sa-bhārya) — with a wife, having a wife
- सद्रोण (sa-droṇa) — with a droṇa added to a droṇa
- सधर्मन् (sa-dharman) — having the same duties
- सवर्ण (sa-varṇa) — having the same colour or appearance, similar, like
- "-ly"
- सकोपम् (sa-kopam) — angrily
- सोपधि (so*padhi) — fraudulently
Derived terms
- Sanskrit terms prefixed with स-