على

See also: علي‎, علی‎, غلى‎, and غلي‎

على - Arabic

Pronunciation

IPA: /ʕa.laː/
Homophone: عَلَا‎ (ʕalā)

Preposition

عَلَى • (ʕalā)

on, over
against
- ‏يَوْمٌ لَكَ وَيَوْمٌ عَلَيْكَ‎‎
  - yawmun laka wayawmun ʕalayka
  - one day for you, and one day against you
- ‏سَجَّلَ ٱللَّاعِبُ خَمْسَةَ أَهْدَافٍ عَلَى خَصْمِهِ‎
  - sajjala l-lāʕibu ḵamsata ʔahdāfin ʕalā ḵaṣmihi
  - The player scored five goals against his opponent.
expresses obligation
despite
on condition, provided

Inflection

Inflected forms
Base form					عَلَى (ʕalā)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	عَلَيَّ‎ (ʕalayya)			عَلَيْنَا‎ (ʕalaynā)
Second person	عَلَيْكَ‎ (ʕalayka)	عَلَيْكِ‎ (ʕalayki)	عَلَيْكُمَا‎ (ʕalaykumā)	عَلَيْكُمْ‎ (ʕalaykum)	عَلَيْكُنَّ‎ (ʕalaykunna)
Third person	عَلَيْهِ‎ (ʕalayhi)	عَلَيْهَا‎ (ʕalayhā)	عَلَيْهِمَا‎ (ʕalayhimā)	عَلَيْهِمْ‎ (ʕalayhim)	عَلَيْهِنَّ‎ (ʕalayhinna)

Antonyms

(against): لِـ‎ (li-)

Related terms

ٱللّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ‎ (allāhumma ṣalli ʕalā muḥammadin wa-ʔāli muḥammadin)
صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ‎ (ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhī wa-ʔālihī wa-sallama)
عَلَيْهِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ‎ (ʕalayhi ṣ-ṣalātu wa-s-salāmu)
عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ‎ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu)
سَلَامُ ٱللّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ‎ (salāmu llāhi ʕalayhi)

Descendants

Maltese: għal

(via third-person singular masculine form عَلَيْهِ‎ (ʕalayhi)):

→ Azerbaijani: əleyh
→ Persian: علیه‎ ('aleyh)
→ Uzbek: alayh

Pronunciation

IPA: /ʕa.laː/
Homophone: عَلَا‎ (ʕalā)

Verb

عَلَى • (ʕalā) I, non-past يَعْلِي‎‎ (yaʕlī)

(transitive) to climb.

Conjugation

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					عَلْي‎ ʕaly
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					عَالٍ‎ ʕālin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَعْلِيّ‎ maʕliyy
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَلَيْتُ‎ ʕalaytu	عَلَيْتَ‎ ʕalayta	عَلَى ʕalā	عَلَيْتُمَا‎ ʕalaytumā	عَلَيَا‎ ʕalayā	عَلَيْنَا‎ ʕalaynā	عَلَيْتُمْ‎ ʕalaytum	عَلَوْا‎ ʕalaw
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عَلَيْتُ‎ ʕalaytu	عَلَيْتِ‎ ʕalayti	عَلَتْ‎ ʕalat	عَلَيْتُمَا‎ ʕalaytumā	عَلَتَا‎ ʕalatā	عَلَيْنَا‎ ʕalaynā	عَلَيْتُنَّ‎ ʕalaytunna	عَلَيْنَ‎ ʕalayna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَعْلِي‎ ʔaʕlī	تَعْلِي‎ taʕlī	يَعْلِي‎ yaʕlī	تَعْلِيَانِ‎ taʕliyāni	يَعْلِيَانِ‎ yaʕliyāni	نَعْلِي‎ naʕlī	تَعْلُونَ‎ taʕlūna	يَعْلُونَ‎ yaʕlūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَعْلِي‎ ʔaʕlī	تَعْلِينَ‎ taʕlīna	تَعْلِي‎ taʕlī	تَعْلِيَانِ‎ taʕliyāni	تَعْلِيَانِ‎ taʕliyāni	نَعْلِي‎ naʕlī	تَعْلِينَ‎ taʕlīna	يَعْلِينَ‎ yaʕlīna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعْلِيَ‎ ʔaʕliya	تَعْلِيَ‎ taʕliya	يَعْلِيَ‎ yaʕliya	تَعْلِيَا‎ taʕliyā	يَعْلِيَا‎ yaʕliyā	نَعْلِيَ‎ naʕliya	تَعْلُوا‎ taʕlū	يَعْلُوا‎ yaʕlū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَعْلِيَ‎ ʔaʕliya	تَعْلِي‎ taʕlī	تَعْلِيَ‎ taʕliya	تَعْلِيَا‎ taʕliyā	تَعْلِيَا‎ taʕliyā	نَعْلِيَ‎ naʕliya	تَعْلِينَ‎ taʕlīna	يَعْلِينَ‎ yaʕlīna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعْلِ‎ ʔaʕli	تَعْلِ‎ taʕli	يَعْلِ‎ yaʕli	تَعْلِيَا‎ taʕliyā	يَعْلِيَا‎ yaʕliyā	نَعْلِ‎ naʕli	تَعْلُوا‎ taʕlū	يَعْلُوا‎ yaʕlū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَعْلِ‎ ʔaʕli	تَعْلِي‎ taʕlī	تَعْلِ‎ taʕli	تَعْلِيَا‎ taʕliyā	تَعْلِيَا‎ taʕliyā	نَعْلِ‎ naʕli	تَعْلِينَ‎ taʕlīna	يَعْلِينَ‎ yaʕlīna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِعْلِ‎ iʕli		اِعْلِيَا‎ iʕliyā			اِعْلُوا‎ iʕlū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِعْلِي‎ iʕlī		اِعْلِيَا‎ iʕliyā			اِعْلِينَ‎ iʕlīna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُلِيتُ‎ ʕulītu	عُلِيتَ‎ ʕulīta	عُلِيَ‎ ʕuliya	عُلِيتُمَا‎ ʕulītumā	عُلِيَا‎ ʕuliyā	عُلِينَا‎ ʕulīnā	عُلِيتُمْ‎ ʕulītum	عُلُوا‎ ʕulū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عُلِيتُ‎ ʕulītu	عُلِيتِ‎ ʕulīti	عُلِيَتْ‎ ʕuliyat	عُلِيتُمَا‎ ʕulītumā	عُلِيَتَا‎ ʕuliyatā	عُلِينَا‎ ʕulīnā	عُلِيتُنَّ‎ ʕulītunna	عُلِينَ‎ ʕulīna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعْلَى‎ ʔuʕlā	تُعْلَى‎ tuʕlā	يُعْلَى‎ yuʕlā	تُعْلَيَانِ‎ tuʕlayāni	يُعْلَيَانِ‎ yuʕlayāni	نُعْلَى‎ nuʕlā	تُعْلَوْنَ‎ tuʕlawna	يُعْلَوْنَ‎ yuʕlawna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُعْلَى‎ ʔuʕlā	تُعْلَيْنَ‎ tuʕlayna	تُعْلَى‎ tuʕlā	تُعْلَيَانِ‎ tuʕlayāni	تُعْلَيَانِ‎ tuʕlayāni	نُعْلَى‎ nuʕlā	تُعْلَيْنَ‎ tuʕlayna	يُعْلَيْنَ‎ yuʕlayna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعْلَى‎ ʔuʕlā	تُعْلَى‎ tuʕlā	يُعْلَى‎ yuʕlā	تُعْلَيَا‎ tuʕlayā	يُعْلَيَا‎ yuʕlayā	نُعْلَى‎ nuʕlā	تُعْلَوْا‎ tuʕlaw	يُعْلَوْا‎ yuʕlaw
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُعْلَى‎ ʔuʕlā	تُعْلَيْ‎ tuʕlay	تُعْلَى‎ tuʕlā	تُعْلَيَا‎ tuʕlayā	تُعْلَيَا‎ tuʕlayā	نُعْلَى‎ nuʕlā	تُعْلَيْنَ‎ tuʕlayna	يُعْلَيْنَ‎ yuʕlayna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعْلَ‎ ʔuʕla	تُعْلَ‎ tuʕla	يُعْلَ‎ yuʕla	تُعْلَيَا‎ tuʕlayā	يُعْلَيَا‎ yuʕlayā	نُعْلَ‎ nuʕla	تُعْلَوْا‎ tuʕlaw	يُعْلَوْا‎ yuʕlaw
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُعْلَ‎ ʔuʕla	تُعْلَيْ‎ tuʕlay	تُعْلَ‎ tuʕla	تُعْلَيَا‎ tuʕlayā	تُعْلَيَا‎ tuʕlayā	نُعْلَ‎ nuʕla	تُعْلَيْنَ‎ tuʕlayna	يُعْلَيْنَ‎ yuʕlayna

Pronunciation

IPA: /ʕu.lan/

Adjective

عُلًى • (ʕulan) f pl

feminine plural of أَعْلَى‎ (ʔaʕlā)

على - Egyptian Arabic

Alternative forms

ع‎ (ʕa-)

Preposition

على • (ʕala)

on, upon

Inflection

Inflected forms of على
Base form				على (ʕala)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	singular		plural
Personal-pronoun- including forms	m	f	plural
1^st person	علي‎ (ʕalayya)		علينا‎ (ʕalēna)
2^nd person	عليك‎ (ʕalēk)	عليك‎ (ʕalēki)	عليكوا‎ (ʕalēku)
3^rd person	عليه‎ (ʕalēh)	عليها‎ (ʕalēha)	عليهم‎ (ʕalēhum)

على - Hijazi Arabic

Pronunciation

IPA: /ʕala/

Preposition

على • (ʿala)

on, over
- Synonym: عَـ‎ (ʿa, “on, over”)
- ‏حتلاقيه على الرف/عالرف‎
  - ḥatlāgī ʿala al-raff/ʿal-raff
  - You will find it on rack
against
- ‏يوم ليك و يوم عليك‎
  - yōm līk u yōm ʿalēk
  - one day for you, and one day against you
despite

Inflection

Inflected forms of على
Base form				على‎ (ʕala)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	singular		plural
Personal-pronoun- including forms	m	f	plural
1^st person	عَلَيّ‎ (ʕalayya)		علينا‎ (ʕalēna)
2^nd person	عليك‎ (ʕalēk)	عليكي‎ (ʕalēki)	عليكم‎ (ʕalēkum)
3^rd person	عليه‎ (ʕalē)	عليها‎ (ʕalēha)	عليهم‎ (ʕalēhum)

على - Moroccan Arabic

Pronunciation

IPA: /ʕla/

Preposition

على • (ʕla)

on; upon; onto
against
expresses obligation

Inflection

Inflected forms of على
Base form				على (ʕla)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	singular		plural
Personal-pronoun- including forms	m	f	plural
1^st person	علي‎ (ʕliyya)		علينا‎ (ʕlīna)
2^nd person	عليك‎ (ʕlīk)	عليك‎ (ʕlīki)	عليكم‎ (ʕlīkum)
3^rd person	عليه‎ (ʕlīh)	عليها‎ (ʕlīha)	عليهم‎ (ʕlīhum)

على - North Levantine Arabic

Alternative forms

ع‎ (ʕa-)

Preposition

على • (ʕala)

on; upon; onto
(by extension) with a hint of
about (a topic)
to (a place)
- ‏عم نسافر ع بيروت‎
  - ʕam nsāfir ʕa bayrūt
  - We’re travelling to Beirut.
Used with an adjective given the definite article, marking it as an adverb

Usage notes

The personal forms are built from the stem ʕlay- or ʕalay- as in عليكن‎ (ʕ(a)laykun, “on you”).
Sense 2 is construed as "A على‎ B"; literally, "A on B". A is the dominant element in such a construction, not B, even though this seems to conflict with a literal reading:
1. ‏بوظا على جوز‎
  - būẓa ʕala jōz
  - walnut-flavored ice cream, or ice cream with walnuts
  - (literally, “ice cream on walnuts”)
2. ‏جوز على بوظا‎
  - jōz ʕala būẓa
  - ice-cream-flavored walnuts
  - (literally, “walnuts on ice cream”)

على - South Levantine Arabic

Alternative forms

Shortened form: عـ‎ (ʕa-)

Pronunciation

IPA: /ʕa.la/, [ˈʕa.la]

Preposition

على • (ʕala)

to, toward
- ‏الختيار راح عالمستشفى.‎‎
  - il-ḵityār rāḥ ʕal-mustašfa
  - The old man went to the hospital.
- ‏إمّي دخلت عالبيت.‎‎
  - ʔimmi daḵlat ʕal-bēt
  - My mother went into the house.
  - (literally, “My mother entered to the house.”)
- ‏قدّيش دفعت عليه؟‎‎
  - ʔaddēš dafaʕt ʕalēh
  - How much did you pay for it?
  - (literally, “How much did you pay toward it?”)
- Antonym: من‎ (min)
(location) on, onto, over
- Synonym: فوق‎ (fōʔ, “above”)
- ‏حطّ ه عالطاولة.‎‎
  - ḥoṭṭo ʕaṭ-ṭāwle
  - Put it on the table.
(time) at, on
- ‏خلّينا نلتقي على ساعة ستّة.‎‎
  - ḵallīna niltʔi ʕala sāʕa sitte
  - Let's meet at six o'clock.
(auxiliary) must, should
- Synonym: لازم‎ (lāzem)
- ‏قرّرنا نعمل اللي علينا و نتّكل على ربّنا.‎‎
  - ʔarrarna niʕmil illi ʕalēna w nittakil ʕala rabbna
  - We resolved to do what we must and trust in God.
- ‏إلي عليك ألف شيكل.‎‎
  - ʔili ʕalēk ʔalf šēkel
  - You owe me one thousand shekels.
  - (literally, “You must to me one thousand shekels.”)

Inflection

Inflected forms of على
Base form				على (ʕala)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	singular		plural
Personal-pronoun- including forms	m	f	plural
1^st person	عليّ‎ (ʕalayy)		علينا‎ (ʕalēna)
2^nd person	عليك‎ (ʕalēk)	عليك‎ (ʕalēki)	عليكم‎ (ʕalēkom)
3^rd person	عليه‎ (ʕalē)	عليها‎ (ʕalēha)	عليهم‎ (ʕalēhom)

Pronunciation

IPA: /ʕal.la/, [ˈʕal.la]

Verb

علّى • (ʕalla) (form II, present بعلّي‎ (biʕalli))

to raise (the volume, one's voice, etc.)
- Antonym: وطّى‎ (waṭṭa)

Conjugation

Conjugation of علّى (ʕalla)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	علّيت (ʕallēt)	علّيت (ʕallēt)	علّى (ʕalla)	علّينا (ʕallēna)	علّيتو (ʕallētu)	علّو (ʕallu)
past	f	علّيت (ʕallēt)	علّيتي (ʕallēti)	علّت (ʕallat)	علّينا (ʕallēna)	علّيتو (ʕallētu)	علّو (ʕallu)
present	m	بعلّي (baʕalli)	بتعلّي (bitʕalli)	بعلّي (biʕalli)	منعلّي (minʕalli)	بتعلّو (bitʕallu)	بعلّو (biʕallu)
present	f	بعلّي (baʕalli)	بتعلّي (bitʕalli)	بتعلّي (bitʕalli)	منعلّي (minʕalli)	بتعلّو (bitʕallu)	بعلّو (biʕallu)
subjunctive	m	اعلّي (aʕalli)	تعلّي (tʕalli)	يعلّي (yʕalli)	نعلّي (nʕalli)	تعلّو (tʕallu)	يعلّو (yʕallu)
subjunctive	f	اعلّي (aʕalli)	تعلّي (tʕalli)	تعلّي (tʕalli)	نعلّي (nʕalli)	تعلّو (tʕallu)	يعلّو (yʕallu)
imperative	m		علّي (ʕalli)			علّو (ʕallu)
imperative	f		علّي (ʕalli)			علّو (ʕallu)