zijn
zijn - Dutch
Alternative forms
- (obsolete) zyn
Pronunciation
- IPA: /zɛi̯n/
- Hyphenation: zijn
Verb
zijn
- (intransitive) To be, to exist.
- Zijn of niet zijn, dat is de vraag.
- To be or not to be, that is the question.
- Was je er afgelopen zaterdag ook?
- Were you there too last Saturday?
- (transitive, copulative) Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes it.
- De bal is rond.
- The ball is round.
- (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the active voice of some verbs, together with a past participle. Note: The perfect tense of most other verbs is formed using hebben.
- Hij is hier geweest.
- He has been here.
- (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle. Note: The imperfect tense passive is formed using worden.
- Ze waren gered.
- They had been saved.
- De muur is geschilderd.
- The wall has been painted.
- De muur zal zijn geschilderd.
- The wall will have been painted.
- (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the continuous forms of various tenses, together with aan het or, in archaic style, with a present participle.
- De man was aan het lopen.
- The man was walking.
- (intransitive) To go, to go on a trip and return.
- Ik ben even naar de dokter.
- I am going to the doctor for a while.
- Ik ben vandaag naar het strand geweest.
- I've been to the beach today.
- (intransitive, impersonal) Used to indicate weather, temperature or some other general condition.
- Het is erg warm vandaag.
- It is very warm today.
- (transitive, copulative, mathematics) to be, to equal, to total, to amount to; used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same.
- Drie keer vijf is vijftien.
- Three times five is fifteen.
Inflection
- Generally, the infinitive wezen, the present participle wezend and the present subjunctive weze and wezen are also used. While the subjunctive is considered archaic, it persists in some fixed expressions such as als ware ("as if [it] were").
- Zijn has special forms for the pronominal imperatives of u and jullie. Thus, weest u!, wezen jullie!, rather than the regular bent u!, zijn jullie!, which are less common. The simple imperative is wees in all cases. In Belgium the singular imperative zij is also used.
Inflection of zijn (irregular, suppletive) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | zijn | |||
past singular | was | |||
past participle | geweest | |||
infinitive | zijn | |||
gerund | zijn n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | ben | was | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | bent | was | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | bent, is | was | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | zijt | waart | ||
3rd person singular | is | was | ||
plural | zijn | waren | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | zij | ware | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | zijn | waren | ||
imperative sing. | wees, ben | |||
imperative plur.1 | weest, zijt | |||
participles | zijnd | geweest | ||
1) Archaic. |
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
- Negerhollands: si
Pronunciation
- IPA: /zɛi̯n/ (stressed)
- IPA: /zən/ (unstressed; may be spelled z'n)
- Hyphenation: zijn
Determiner
zijn (dependent possessive, independent possessive zijne, contracted form z'n)
- Third-person singular, masculine and neuter possessive pronoun: his, its.
- Een man en zijn hond.
- A man and his dog.
- Een man en z'n hoed.
- A man and his hat.
- Een boek en zijn kaft.
- A book and its cover.
Inflection
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). | 5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
Descendants
zijn - Middle Dutch
Determiner
zijn
- Alternative spelling of sijn