r
r - Translingual
Alternative forms
- ꝛ (archaic)
Letter
r (upper case R)
- The eighteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
Symbol
r
- Abbreviation of ronto-.
- (engineering, geometry) radius
- (IPA) alveolar trill
- (IPA, superscript) a trill release (of a plosive); a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [r]; an r-offglide (of a vowel; dated) – see ⟨ʳ⟩
- (phonetics) used in several romanization systems of non-Latin scripts to represent an various other rhotic sounds (/r/).
Synonyms
- (Romanization of רּ, “reish”, “resh”, “rēš ḥāzāq”): rr (in the Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006) and ISO 259 transliteration schemes)
Gallery
- Letter styles
- Uppercase and lowercase versions of R, in normal and italic type
- Uppercase and lowercase R in Fraktur
r - English
Letter
Number
r (lower case, upper case R)
- The ordinal number eighteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.
Verb
r
- (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of are.
- How r u ― How are you?
Translations
|
Determiner
r
- (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of our.
r - Azerbaijani
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA: /r/
Letter
r lower case (upper case R)
r - Basque
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ere/, [e̞.re̞]
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - Dutch
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA: /ɛr/
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
Derived terms
r - Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA: /ɾaʀ/ → /ɾaʀ/ → /ɾaʔ/
- (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ɾaʀ/ (singular); IPA: /ˈɾaːʀaw/ (plural)
- (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ɾaʀ/ (singular); IPA: /ˈɾaːʀaw/ (plural)
- (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ɾaʔ/ (singular); IPA: /ˈɾoːw/ (plural)
- (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ɛr/
- Conventional anglicization: er
- (modern Egyptological, US) IPA: /ɝ/
Noun
m
- opening, division
- mouth (of humans or animals)
- (figuratively, chiefly in titles) speaker, mouthpiece
- utterance, statement
- (rare) language, manner of speech
- bodily orifice, opening of the human body in general, including eyes, ears, nostrils, the vulva, and open wounds
- entrance to a building, doorway
- entrance to a land or place in general
- mouth of a river
- (especially in compounds) place or thing seen as an opening from one point to another, passage, thoroughfare
- a measure of volume equivalent to 1⁄32 of a hnw or 1⁄320 of a ḥqꜣt (about 15 millilitres); mouthful
- part, piece, fraction
- (mathematics) used as a numerator of 1 in fractions, literally “piece of (the denominator)”.
Usage notes
Inflection
In the sense of ‘mouth’ the plural is rare, as the singular is usually used even in reference to the mouths of multiple people.
Derived terms
Descendants
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA: /jiɾ/ → /jiʔ/ → /ʔəʔ/ → /ʔə/
- (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /jiɾ/
- (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /jiʔ/
- (Medio-Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ʔəʔ/
- (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ʔə/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ɛr/
- Conventional anglicization: er
- (modern Egyptological, US) IPA: /ɝ/
Preposition
- regarding, with respect to, concerning, according to
- in order to, for (the purpose of)
- (with following infinitive) forms the periphrastic prospective of a verb
- (with verbs of motion, of places) to, towards
- (in adverbial sentences, of places, roles, or functions) headed for, destined for, bound for
- (of time) at, in, on
- against, in opposition to
- from, apart from (ablative)
- (after an adjective or adverb, forming the comparative) than, by comparison to
- (generally in sentence-initial form jr) introduces the protasis of a conditional sentence; if, when, as
- (with a verb in the terminative as object) until
Inflection
Alternative forms
jr |
at the beginning of a sentence, and occasionally before pronouns |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Coptic: ⲉ- (e-), ⲉⲣⲟ⸗ (ero⸗)
Particle
enclitic
Usage notes
This usage is distinguished from the preposition by the fact that it occurs as the enclitic second element in a clause instead of at the end of a clause, as is otherwise the case with prepositional phrases.
Alternative forms
r - Esperanto
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA: /ro/
- (phoneme): IPA: /r/
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - Estonian
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ˈerː/
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - Faroese
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɹ/
Letter
r (upper case R)
r - Finnish
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - French
Pronunciation
- (letter name) IPA: /ɛʁ/
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - Fula
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɾ/
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
Usage notes
r - Gothic
Romanization
r
- Romanization of 𐍂
r - Hungarian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA: [ˈr]
- (letter name): IPA: [ˈɛrː]
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | r | r-ek |
accusative | r-et | r-eket |
dative | r-nek | r-eknek |
instrumental | r-rel | r-ekkel |
causal-final | r-ért | r-ekért |
translative | r-ré | r-ekké |
terminative | r-ig | r-ekig |
essive-formal | r-ként | r-ekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | r-ben | r-ekben |
superessive | r-en | r-eken |
adessive | r-nél | r-eknél |
illative | r-be | r-ekbe |
sublative | r-re | r-ekre |
allative | r-hez | r-ekhez |
elative | r-ből | r-ekből |
delative | r-ről | r-ekről |
ablative | r-től | r-ektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular | r-é | r-eké |
non-attributive possessive - plural | r-éi | r-ekéi |
Possessive forms of r | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | r-em | r-jeim |
2nd person sing. | r-ed | r-jeid |
3rd person sing. | r-je | r-jei |
1st person plural | r-ünk | r-jeink |
2nd person plural | r-etek | r-jeitek |
3rd person plural | r-jük | r-jeik |
r - Ido
Pronunciation
- (context pronunciation) IPA: /ɾ/
- (letter name) IPA: /ɾe/
Letter
r (upper case R)
r - Italian
Letter
r f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case R)
r - Latvian
Pronunciation
- IPA: [ɾ]
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - Livonian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA: /r/
Letter
r (upper case R)
r - Malay
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - Maltese
Pronunciation
- IPA: /r/
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - Mandarin
Romanization
r (r5/r0, Zhuyin r5)
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 兒/儿
r - Norwegian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA: /ærː/, /æɾː/
- (phoneme): IPA: /r/, /ɾ/, /ʁ/
Letter
r
Usage notes
- /ʁ/ is the pronunciation of r usually found in southern and southeastern dialects of Norway. Bergen has the dialect best known for this sound. Said to come from Danish and/or German, originally from French.
- Dialects with /ʁ/ do not have retroflex consonants.
r - Nupe
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA: /ɾ/
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɛr/
Letter
r (upper case R, lower case)
r - Portuguese
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - Romani
Pronunciation
- IPA: /r/
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA: /r/
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
- (uppercase) R
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA: /r/
Letter
r (Cyrillic spelling р)
r - Skolt Sami
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA: /r/
Letter
r (upper case R)
r - Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA: (phoneme) /ɾ/, /r/
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
Derived terms
r - Turkish
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA: /ɾ/
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - Turkmen
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA: /r/
Letter
r (upper case R)
r - Yoruba
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA: /ɾ/
- (letter name): IPA: /ɾí/
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)
r - Zulu
Letter
r (lower case, upper case R)