ma
ma - English
Noun
ma (plural mas)
Pronunciation
- IPA: /mɑː/
Noun
ma (plural mas, not generally used in the plural)
Usage notes
- Often capitalized when used to refer to a specific person.
- Hey, Ma, I’d like you to meet my friend Jamie.
Synonyms
Translations
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Noun
ma
Usage notes
- Usually capitalised as Ma.
Determiner
ma
- (dialectal, informal) Alternative spelling of my
Particle
ma (Manglish, Singlish)
- Alternative form of mah
Anagrams
ma - 'Are'are
Conjunction
ma
ma - Acehnese
Noun
ma
ma - Afar
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ˈma/, [ˈmʌ]
Determiner
má (bound form maa-)
Derived terms
Related terms
- macá (“what?”)
ma - Afrikaans
Noun
ma (plural ma's)
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
ma - Ajië
Conjunction
ma
ma - Akkadian
Pronunciation
- (Old Babylonian) IPA: /ma/
Conjunction
ma
- (enclitic) and, but
- (enclitic) used to stress single words, especially the predicate of nominal clauses
- 𒌓𒈠𒈠 ― u₄-ma-ma /ūmamma/ ― this very day
Alternative forms
Phonetic |
---|
|
ma - Alemannic German
Alternative forms
Noun
ma m (Gressoney, Issime)
ma - Anaang
Verb
má
- to love
ma - Anguthimri
Noun
ma
- (Mpakwithi) man
Verb
ma
ma - Aromanian
Adverb
ma
Conjunction
ma
ma - Asturian
Alternative forms
Noun
ma f (plural mas)
ma - Bambara
Pronunciation
- IPA: [màꜜà]
Noun
ma
Verb
ma (auxiliary)
- (verbal auxiliary) marks an action which is not accomplished
- A ma na fɔlɔ
- He has not come yet
- Sirajɛ ma taa dɔgɔ la
- Siraje did not go to the market
ma - Bavarian
Pronoun
ma
ma - Big Nambas
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ma/
Verb
ma
- come
- aparvr ti aparma paua, patrahr = If they both come the day after tomorrow, wait for them.
ma - Breton
Pronoun
ma
Interjection
ma
- good!
Conjunction
ma
Synonyms
ma - Cameroon Pidgin
Determiner
ma
- Alternative spelling of my (“1st person singular possessive determiner”)
ma - Caolan
Noun
ma
ma - Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA: /ˈma/
- Homophone: mà
Determiner
ma
- feminine singular of mon
ma - Chamorro
Pronunciation
- IPA: /mæ/
Pronoun
ma
Usage notes
- ma is used solely as a subject of a transitive verb, while siha is used either as a subject of an intransitive verb or an object of a transitive verb.
ma - Cimbrian
Noun
ma m
- (Tredici Comuni) moon
Alternative forms
Pronoun
ma
ma - Coatepec Nahuatl
Noun
ma
- hand.
ma - Dama (Sierra Leone)
Noun
ma
ma - Dorze
Noun
ma
- bee (insect)
ma - Dutch
Noun
ma f (plural ma's, diminutive maatje n)
- (informal) mother
Synonyms
Descendants
- Negerhollands: maa
ma - Efik
Verb
má
ma - Estonian
Pronunciation
- IPA: /mɑ/
Pronoun
ma (genitive mu, partitive mind, long form mina)
- I (1st person singular personal pronoun)
Usage notes
- Used unstressed in a sentence; when the pronoun is stressed, mina is used.
Declension
ma - Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ˈmɑ/, [ˈmɑ̝]
- Syllabification: ma
Noun
ma
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ˈmɑ/, [ˈmɑ̝]
- Syllabification: ma
Pronoun
ma
Synonyms
ma - French
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ma/
Determiner
ma f
- feminine singular of mon
- Ma mère est venue me voir.
- My mother came to see me.
Related terms
Possessee | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | |||||
Possessor | Singular | First person | mon1 | ma | mes | |
Second person | ton1 | ta | tes | |||
Third person | son1 | sa | ses | |||
Plural | First person | notre | nos | |||
Second person | votre2 | vos2 | ||||
Third person | leur | leurs |
- 1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
Descendants
- Louisiana Creole: mâ
ma - Friulian
Conjunction
ma
ma - German
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ma/, [mä], [mɐ]
Adverb
ma
- (colloquial) Pronunciation spelling of mal.
ma - Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai
Pronoun
ma
ma - Hawaiian
Preposition
ma
ma - Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA: [ˈmɒ]
Adverb
ma
Noun
ma (usually uncountable, plural mák)
Declension
The suffixed singular forms máig, mára, mához, máról, and mától are common, while mát, mának, mával, máért, mában, mánál, mába, and mából occur mostly in a figurative sense, referring to the present time. The phrase a mai nap is commonly used in its literal sense, adding suffixes to nap instead of this term. Its plural forms are virtually non-existent.
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ma | — |
accusative | mát | — |
dative | mának | — |
instrumental | mával | — |
causal-final | máért | — |
translative | mává | — |
terminative | máig | — |
essive-formal | maként | — |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | mában | — |
superessive | mán | — |
adessive | mánál | — |
illative | mába | — |
sublative | mára | — |
allative | mához | — |
elative | mából | — |
delative | máról | — |
ablative | mától | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular | máé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural | máéi | — |
Its (single- and multiple-possession) possessive forms are hardly if ever used.
Possessive forms of ma | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | mám | — |
2nd person sing. | mád | — |
3rd person sing. | mája | — |
1st person plural | mánk | — |
2nd person plural | mátok | — |
3rd person plural | májuk | — |
Derived terms
Related terms
ma - Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ma/
Conjunction
ma
Synonyms
- sed (archaic)
ma - Interlingua
Conjunction
ma
ma - Istriot
Conjunction
ma
ma - Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ˈma/*, /ˈma/
- Hyphenation: mà
Conjunction
ma
Noun
ma f
- Abbreviation of mamma.
Interjection
ma
ma - Japanese
Romanization
ma
ma - Jarawa
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ma/
Pronoun
ma
- me; us (singular and plural first-person pronoun in the accusative case)
Usage notes
The pronoun mi can also be used in the accusative case, but it is less common than ma. When used in possessive constructions, the choice of pronoun is largely determined by vowel harmony.
ma - Kabyle
Conjunction
ma
ma - Kavalan
Adverb
ma
Noun
ma
ma - Keoru-Ahia
Noun
ma
ma - Kikuyu
Pronunciation
- IPA: /mǎꜜ/
- As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 3 with a monosyllabic stem, together with rũkũ, and so on.
Noun
ma
Adverb
ma
Particle
- (for class 6) of
ma - Ladino
Conjunction
ma (Latin spelling)
ma - Lala (South Africa)
Verb
-má
- to stand
ma - Lhao Vo
Noun
ma
ma - Ligurian
Conjunction
ma
ma - Livonian
Alternative forms
Pronoun
ma
- I; first person pronoun, referring to the speaker
Declension
singular (ikšlug) | plural (pǟgiņlug) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīv) | minā ma | mēg meg |
genitive (genitīv) | min | mäd |
partitive (partitīv) | mīnda | mēḑi |
dative (datīv) | minnõn min | mäddõn män |
instrumental (instrumentāl) | minkõks | mädkõks |
illative (illatīv) | minnõ minnõz | mēži |
inessive (inesīv) | minsõ | mēši |
elative (elatīv) | minstõ | mēšti |
ma - Lower Sorbian
Pronunciation
- IPA: [ma]
Verb
ma
- third-person singular present of měś
ma - Maltese
Pronunciation
- IPA: /maː/
- Usually unstressed and then automatically shortened to /ma/.
- Homophone: ma’
Adverb
ma
- not; used to negate verbs and pronominal adverbs
- Illum ma nixrobx.
- I do not drink today.
- Qatt ma nixrob.
- I never drink. / I do not ever drink.
Usage notes
Pronoun
ma
- (relative) Alternative form of li (“who, which, that”), used in some fossiled expressions
- L-ewwel ma tiekol, l-għajn.
- You eat with your eyes first.
- (literally, “The first that eats is the eye.”)
- (obsolete, with comparative adjective) how (as in “how beautiful is...”)
- Synonym: kemm
Derived terms
ma - Mandarin
Romanization
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 么
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗎/吗
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嘛
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 㕰
ma
- Nonstandard spelling of mā.
- Nonstandard spelling of má.
- Nonstandard spelling of mǎ.
- Nonstandard spelling of mà.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
ma - Maonan
Noun
ma
ma - Maricopa
Noun
ma
ma - Mbyá Guaraní
Adverb
ma
Particle
ma
- separates the topic from the rest of the sentence.
ma - Middle English
Pronoun
ma
- Alternative form of man (“one, you”)
ma - Mursi
Pronunciation
- IPA: /mà/, [mà]
- Hyphenation: ma
Noun
ma (Ethiopic script ማ)
ma - Neapolitan
Conjunction
ma
ma - Nefamese
Noun
ma
ma - Nigerian Pidgin
Determiner
ma
ma - North Frisian
Preposition
ma
- (Mooring) with
ma - Northern Ndebele
Verb
-má
- to stand
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
ma - Old English
Pronunciation
- IPA: /mɑː/
Adverb
mā
Adjective
mā (indeclinable)
- more (often + genitive)
ma - Old French
Determiner
ma f (masculine mon, plural mes)
- my (first-person singular possessive)
Descendants
- French: ma
ma - Old Frisian
Pronoun
ma
ma - Old Irish
Conjunction
ma
- Alternative spelling of má
ma - Opao
Noun
ma
ma - Orokolo
Noun
ma
ma - Phalura
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ma/
Pronoun
ma (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling مہ)
- I (1sg nom, subject), me (1sg direct object)
Alternative forms
- máa- (Forming one phonological word with following postposition or clitic, e.g. máathe 'me, to me' with the 'to'.)
ma - Pipil
Pronunciation
- IPA: /maː/
Particle
mā
- Subjunctive marker
- Nechilwijket ma nikinkwepili musta
- They told me to return it to them tomorrow
- Tikajkawat ma seseya pal tikwat
- We leave it to cool down so we can eat it
- Clipping of maka. (Negative imperative marker)
- Ma shina kiuni!
- Don't say that!
Usage notes
- The particle ma helps disambiguating many of the subjunctive forms from the present indicative or imperative forms.
Verb
-má
- Clipping of -maka.
ma - Pitjantjatjara
Adverb
ma
ma - Pohnpeian
Conjunction
ma
ma - Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ma/
- Syllabification: ma
Verb
ma
- third-person singular present indicative of mieć
- Andrzej ma 18 lat. ― Andrzej is 18 years old.
Pronoun
ma
- Alternative form of moja.
ma - Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA: /mɐ/
Contraction
ma
ma - Romani
Particle
ma
- don't (prohibitive particle)
ma - Romanian
Adverb
ma
- Obsolete form of mai.
ma - Salar
Conjunction
ma
ma - Samoan
Conjunction
ma
Preposition
ma
ma - Savi
Pronoun
ma
- I; first-person singular personal pronoun
ma - Scots
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ma/, /mə/
Determiner
ma
ma - Scottish Gaelic
Conjunction
ma
- if
- Ma tha thu ’g iarrraidh sin… ― If you want that…
Usage notes
- If followed by the future tense, the relative future tense is used.
- Dèan e, ma thogras tu.
- Do it, if you want.
- In the conditional tense, instead of ma, nan/nam is used in positive sentences and mura in negative ones.
ma - Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA: /mâ/
- Hyphenation: m‧a
Interjection
mȁ (Cyrillic spelling ма̏)
- bah, whatever
- Placed at the beginning of a sentence to add intensity and surprise
- Ma kako?! ― How?!
- Ma gdje? ― Where in the world...?
- Ma da? ― Really?
- Ma to je on! ― That's definitely him!
- Placed at the beginning of a sentence to express dismissal and indignation
- Ma ne. ― No way.
- Ma daj. ― Oh come on.
- Ma kakvi. ― Impossible.
- Used to emphasize sarcasm
- Ma da!/Ma svakako!/Ma naravno! ― Yeah, sure.
- Ma nemoj. ― Oh you don't say?
- Ma nikad niste vi krivi. ― Of course it can never be your fault.
ma - Situ
Particle
ma
ma - Slovak
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA: [ma]
Pronoun
ma
- genitive/accusative of ja
ma - Spanish
Noun
ma f (plural mas)
ma - Sumerian
Romanization
ma
- Romanization of 𒈠 (ma)
ma - Suri
Noun
mà
ma - Swazi
Verb
-́ma
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
ma - Tagalog
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ma
- IPA: /ma/, [mɐ]
Noun
ma (Baybayin spelling ᜋ)
Noun
ma (Baybayin spelling ᜋ)
Noun
ma (Baybayin spelling ᜋ)
- (zoology) mollusk with a shell that looks like a coat of mail
ma - Tahitian
Conjunction
ma
Preposition
ma
ma - Tairuma
Noun
ma
- Alternative form of ma'a
ma - Tày
Pronunciation
- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA: [maː˧˧]
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA: [maː˦˥]
Noun
ma (𬍄)
Synonyms
Derived terms
- ma eo
- ma han
- ma khuyển
- ma nhat
- ma nuầy
- ma sleng
- ma sluông
- ma thầu
Noun
ma (魔)
ma - Teanu
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ma/
Noun
ma
ma - Ternate
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ma/
Conjunction
ma
ma - Toaripi
Noun
ma
- (Toaripi, Kaipi, Sepoe) water
ma - Tokelauan
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ˈma/
- Hyphenation: ma
Conjunction
ma
Preposition
ma
Preposition
ma
ma - Tz'utujil
Adverb
ma
ma - Veps
Noun
ma
Inflection
Inflection of ma (inflection type 13/ma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | ma | ||
genitive sing. | man | ||
partitive sing. | mad | ||
partitive plur. | maid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ma | mad | |
accusative | man | mad | |
genitive | man | maiden | |
partitive | mad | maid | |
essive-instructive | man | main | |
translative | maks | maikš | |
inessive | mas | maiš | |
elative | maspäi | maišpäi | |
illative | maha | maihe | |
adessive | mal | ||
ablative | malpäi | mailpäi | |
allative | male | maile | |
abessive | mata | maita | |
comitative | manke | maidenke | |
prolative | madme | maidme | |
approximative I | manno | maidenno | |
approximative II | mannoks | maidennoks | |
egressive | mannopäi | maidennopäi | |
terminative I | mahasai | maihesai | |
terminative II | malesai | mailesai | |
terminative III | massai | — | |
additive I | mahapäi | maihepäi | |
additive II | malepäi | mailepäi |
Derived terms
ma - Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA: [maː˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA: [maː˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA: [maː˧˧]
Noun
(classifier con) ma
- ghost (spirit appearing after death)
Derived terms
Noun
(classifier con) ma
Synonyms
Derived terms
Anagrams
ma - Vilamovian
Pronoun
ma
- (indefinite) one, they (indefinite third-person singular pronoun)
ma - Vilela
Noun
ma
ma - Warao
Alternative forms
Pronoun
ma
ma - West Makian
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ma/
Pronoun
ma
- (animate) third-person possessive pronoun, its
- mene me mo oma ― this is his child (literally, “this (is) he his child”)
- da kabi mo gou ― the goat's leg
Usage notes
The possessive pronoun ma follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me, mi, or mo.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ma/
Determiner
ma
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ma/
Conjunction
ma
- then
- toi ipongi, ma tasagal yo ― if it rains, then I won't go
ma - Wolof
Pronoun
ma
- me (first-person singular object pronoun)
ma - Wutunhua
Pronunciation
- IPA: [mɑ]
Pronoun
ma
- what (interrogative)
Related terms
- mashema (“why”)
Noun
ma
ma - Xhosa
Verb
-̂ma
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
ma - Yola
Verb
ma
- Alternative form of mye (“may”)
ma - Zazaki
Pronoun
ma
- we; us (first-person plural personal pronoun)
ma - Zhuang
Pronunciation
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /ma˨˦/
- Tone numbers: ma1
- Hyphenation: ma
Noun
ma (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 𬌫 or 獁 or 𬍄 or 𰡪 or 䭾 or 犸 or 𭸱, 1957–1982 spelling ma)
Derived terms
- mabag
- ma'byaeuq
- madwknyaen
- madwkroeg
- mafan
- magaet
- magaeuj
- mageq
- ma'gyaep
- manaez
- maningq
- ma'ngauz
- ma'nyoengq
- ma'nyungz
- masauq
- masae
- mavangh
- maamq
- maoep
Verb
ma (Sawndip forms 庲 or ⿸广末 or 么 or 麻 or ⿸广处 or 𮜃 or ⿰㐅馬 or 𫹞 or 駡, 1957–1982 spelling ma)
ma - Zulu
Verb
-má
- (intransitive) to stand, to be standing
- (intransitive) to stand still, to not move
- (intransitive) to stop, to come to a standstill, to halt
Inflection
Tone H, latent i | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuma | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuma | ukungemi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | yima | -me | |||||||
Plural | yimani | -meni | |||||||
Stative | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngimi | engimi | ngimi | angimi | engingemi | ngingemi | |||
2nd singular | umi | omi | umi | awumi | ongemi | ungemi | |||
1st plural | simi | esimi | simi | asimi | esingemi | singemi | |||
2nd plural | nimi | enimi | nimi | animi | eningemi | ningemi | |||
Class 1 | umi | omi | emi | akemi | ongemi | engemi | |||
Class 2 | bemi | abemi | bemi | abemi | abangemi | bengemi | |||
Class 3 | umi | omi | umi | awumi | ongemi | ongemi | |||
Class 4 | imi | emi | imi | ayimi | engemi | ingemi | |||
Class 5 | limi | elimi | limi | alimi | elingemi | lingemi | |||
Class 6 | emi | emi | emi | awemi | angemi | engemi | |||
Class 7 | simi | esimi | simi | asimi | esingemi | singemi | |||
Class 8 | zimi | ezimi | zimi | azimi | ezingemi | zingemi | |||
Class 9 | imi | emi | imi | ayimi | engemi | ingemi | |||
Class 10 | zimi | ezimi | zimi | azimi | ezingemi | zingemi | |||
Class 11 | lumi | olumi | lumi | alumi | olungemi | lungemi | |||
Class 14 | bumi | obumi | bumi | abumi | obungemi | bungemi | |||
Class 15 | kumi | okumi | kumi | akumi | okungemi | kungemi | |||
Class 17 | kumi | okumi | kumi | akumi | okungemi | kungemi | |||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyema, ngima | engimayo, engima | ngima | angimi | engingemi | ngingemi | |||
2nd singular | uyema, uma | omayo, oma | uma | awumi | ongemi | ungemi | |||
1st plural | siyema, sima | esimayo, esima | sima | asimi | esingemi | singemi | |||
2nd plural | niyema, nima | enimayo, enima | nima | animi | eningemi | ningemi | |||
Class 1 | uyema, uma | omayo, oma | ema | akemi | ongemi | engemi | |||
Class 2 | bayema, bema | abemayo, abema | bema | abemi | abangemi | bengemi | |||
Class 3 | uyema, uma | omayo, oma | uma | awumi | ongemi | ungemi | |||
Class 4 | iyema, ima | emayo, ema | ima | ayimi | engemi | ingemi | |||
Class 5 | liyema, lima | elimayo, elima | lima | alimi | elingemi | lingemi | |||
Class 6 | ayema, ema | emayo, ema | ema | awemi | angemi | engemi | |||
Class 7 | siyema, sima | esimayo, esima | sima | asimi | esingemi | singemi | |||
Class 8 | ziyema, zima | ezimayo, ezima | zima | azimi | ezingemi | zingemi | |||
Class 9 | iyema, ima | emayo, ema | ima | ayimi | engemi | ingemi | |||
Class 10 | ziyema, zima | ezimayo, ezima | zima | azimi | ezingemi | zingemi | |||
Class 11 | luyema, luma | olumayo, oluma | luma | alumi | olungemi | lungemi | |||
Class 14 | buyema, buma | obumayo, obuma | buma | abumi | obungemi | bungemi | |||
Class 15 | kuyema, kuma | okumayo, okuma | kuma | akumi | okungemi | kungemi | |||
Class 17 | kuyema, kuma | okumayo, okuma | kuma | akumi | okungemi | kungemi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngimile, ngimē | engimile, engimē | ngimile, ngimē | angimanga | engingemanga | ngingemanga | |||
2nd singular | umile, umē | omile, omē | umile, umē | awumanga | ongemanga | ungemanga | |||
1st plural | simile, simē | esimile, esimē | simile, simē | asimanga | esingemanga | singemanga | |||
2nd plural | nimile, nimē | enimile, enimē | nimile, nimē | animanga | eningemanga | ningemanga | |||
Class 1 | umile, umē | omile, omē | emile, emē | akemanga | ongemanga | engemanga | |||
Class 2 | bemile, bemē | abemile, abemē | bemile, bemē | abemanga | abangemanga | bengemanga | |||
Class 3 | umile, umē | omile, omē | umile, umē | awumanga | ongemanga | ungemanga | |||
Class 4 | imile, imē | emile, emē | imile, imē | ayimanga | engemanga | ingemanga | |||
Class 5 | limile, limē | elimile, elimē | limile, limē | alimanga | elingemanga | lingemanga | |||
Class 6 | emile, emē | emile, emē | emile, emē | awemanga | angemanga | engemanga | |||
Class 7 | simile, simē | esimile, esimē | simile, simē | asimanga | esingemanga | singemanga | |||
Class 8 | zimile, zimē | ezimile, ezimē | zimile, zimē | azimanga | ezingemanga | zingemanga | |||
Class 9 | imile, imē | emile, emē | imile, imē | ayimanga | engemanga | ingemanga | |||
Class 10 | zimile, zimē | ezimile, ezimē | zimile, zimē | azimanga | ezingemanga | zingemanga | |||
Class 11 | lumile, lumē | olumile, olumē | lumile, lumē | alumanga | olungemanga | lungemanga | |||
Class 14 | bumile, bumē | obumile, obumē | bumile, bumē | abumanga | obungemanga | bungemanga | |||
Class 15 | kumile, kumē | okumile, okumē | kumile, kumē | akumanga | okungemanga | kungemanga | |||
Class 17 | kumile, kumē | okumile, okumē | kumile, kumē | akumanga | okungemanga | kungemanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāma | engāma | ngāma | angimanga | engingemanga | ngingemanga | |||
2nd singular | wāma | owāma | wāma | awumanga | ongemanga | ungemanga | |||
1st plural | sāma | esāma | sāma | asimanga | esingemanga | singemanga | |||
2nd plural | nāma | enāma | nāma | animanga | eningemanga | ningemanga | |||
Class 1 | wāma | owāma | āma | akemanga | ongemanga | engemanga | |||
Class 2 | bāma | abāma | bāma | abemanga | abangemanga | bengemanga | |||
Class 3 | wāma | owāma | wāma | awumanga | ongemanga | ungemanga | |||
Class 4 | yāma | eyāma | yāma | ayimanga | engemanga | ingemanga | |||
Class 5 | lāma | elāma | lāma | alimanga | elingemanga | lingemanga | |||
Class 6 | āma | āma | āma | awemanga | angemanga | engemanga | |||
Class 7 | sāma | esāma | sāma | asimanga | esingemanga | singemanga | |||
Class 8 | zāma | ezāma | zāma | azimanga | ezingemanga | zingemanga | |||
Class 9 | yāma | eyāma | yāma | ayimanga | engemanga | ingemanga | |||
Class 10 | zāma | ezāma | zāma | azimanga | ezingemanga | zingemanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāma | olwāma | lwāma | alumanga | olungemanga | lungemanga | |||
Class 14 | bāma | obāma | bāma | abumanga | obungemanga | bungemanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāma | okwāma | kwāma | akumanga | okungemanga | kungemanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāma | okwāma | kwāma | akumanga | okungemanga | kungemanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingema | — | ngingema | ngingeme | — | ngingeme | |||
2nd singular | ungema | — | ungema | ungeme | — | ungeme | |||
1st plural | singema | — | singema | singeme | — | singeme | |||
2nd plural | ningema | — | ningema | ningeme | — | ningeme | |||
Class 1 | angema | — | engema | angeme | — | engeme | |||
Class 2 | bangema | — | bengema | bangeme | — | bengeme | |||
Class 3 | ungema | — | ungema | ungeme | — | ungeme | |||
Class 4 | ingema | — | ingema | ingeme | — | ingeme | |||
Class 5 | lingema | — | lingema | lingeme | — | lingeme | |||
Class 6 | angema | — | engema | angeme | — | engeme | |||
Class 7 | singema | — | singema | singeme | — | singeme | |||
Class 8 | zingema | — | zingema | zingeme | — | zingeme | |||
Class 9 | ingema | — | ingema | ingeme | — | ingeme | |||
Class 10 | zingema | — | zingema | zingeme | — | zingeme | |||
Class 11 | lungema | — | lungema | lungeme | — | lungeme | |||
Class 14 | bungema | — | bungema | bungeme | — | bungeme | |||
Class 15 | kungema | — | kungema | kungeme | — | kungeme | |||
Class 17 | kungema | — | kungema | kungeme | — | kungeme | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokuma | engizokuma | ngizokuma | angizukuma | engingezukuma | ngingezukuma | |||
2nd singular | uzokuma | ozokuma | uzokuma | awuzukuma | ongezukuma | ungezukuma | |||
1st plural | sizokuma | esizokuma | sizokuma | asizukuma | esingezukuma | singezukuma | |||
2nd plural | nizokuma | enizokuma | nizokuma | anizukuma | eningezukuma | ningezukuma | |||
Class 1 | uzokuma | ozokuma | ezokuma | akazukuma | ongezukuma | engezukuma | |||
Class 2 | bazokuma | abazokuma | bezokuma | abazukuma | abangezukuma | bengezukuma | |||
Class 3 | uzokuma | ozokuma | uzokuma | awuzukuma | ongezukuma | ungezukuma | |||
Class 4 | izokuma | ezokuma | izokuma | ayizukuma | engezukuma | ingezukuma | |||
Class 5 | lizokuma | elizokuma | lizokuma | alizukuma | elingezukuma | lingezukuma | |||
Class 6 | azokuma | azokuma | ezokuma | awazukuma | angezukuma | engezukuma | |||
Class 7 | sizokuma | esizokuma | sizokuma | asizukuma | esingezukuma | singezukuma | |||
Class 8 | zizokuma | ezizokuma | zizokuma | azizukuma | ezingezukuma | zingezukuma | |||
Class 9 | izokuma | ezokuma | izokuma | ayizukuma | engezukuma | ingezukuma | |||
Class 10 | zizokuma | ezizokuma | zizokuma | azizukuma | ezingezukuma | zingezukuma | |||
Class 11 | luzokuma | oluzokuma | luzokuma | aluzukuma | olungezukuma | lungezukuma | |||
Class 14 | buzokuma | obuzokuma | buzokuma | abuzukuma | obungezukuma | bungezukuma | |||
Class 15 | kuzokuma | okuzokuma | kuzokuma | akuzukuma | okungezukuma | kungezukuma | |||
Class 17 | kuzokuma | okuzokuma | kuzokuma | akuzukuma | okungezukuma | kungezukuma | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokuma | engiyokuma | ngiyokuma | angiyukuma | engingeyukuma | ngingeyukuma | |||
2nd singular | uyokuma | oyokuma | uyokuma | awuyukuma | ongeyukuma | ungeyukuma | |||
1st plural | siyokuma | esiyokuma | siyokuma | asiyukuma | esingeyukuma | singeyukuma | |||
2nd plural | niyokuma | eniyokuma | niyokuma | aniyukuma | eningeyukuma | ningeyukuma | |||
Class 1 | uyokuma | oyokuma | eyokuma | akayukuma | ongeyukuma | engeyukuma | |||
Class 2 | bayokuma | abayokuma | beyokuma | abayukuma | abangeyukuma | bengeyukuma | |||
Class 3 | uyokuma | oyokuma | uyokuma | awuyukuma | ongeyukuma | ungeyukuma | |||
Class 4 | iyokuma | eyokuma | iyokuma | ayiyukuma | engeyukuma | ingeyukuma | |||
Class 5 | liyokuma | eliyokuma | liyokuma | aliyukuma | elingeyukuma | lingeyukuma | |||
Class 6 | ayokuma | ayokuma | eyokuma | awayukuma | angeyukuma | engeyukuma | |||
Class 7 | siyokuma | esiyokuma | siyokuma | asiyukuma | esingeyukuma | singeyukuma | |||
Class 8 | ziyokuma | eziyokuma | ziyokuma | aziyukuma | ezingeyukuma | zingeyukuma | |||
Class 9 | iyokuma | eyokuma | iyokuma | ayiyukuma | engeyukuma | ingeyukuma | |||
Class 10 | ziyokuma | eziyokuma | ziyokuma | aziyukuma | ezingeyukuma | zingeyukuma | |||
Class 11 | luyokuma | oluyokuma | luyokuma | aluyukuma | olungeyukuma | lungeyukuma | |||
Class 14 | buyokuma | obuyokuma | buyokuma | abuyukuma | obungeyukuma | bungeyukuma | |||
Class 15 | kuyokuma | okuyokuma | kuyokuma | akuyukuma | okungeyukuma | kungeyukuma | |||
Class 17 | kuyokuma | okuyokuma | kuyokuma | akuyukuma | okungeyukuma | kungeyukuma | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngime | ngingemi | |||||||
2nd singular | ume | ungemi | |||||||
1st plural | sime | singemi | |||||||
2nd plural | nime | ningemi | |||||||
Class 1 | eme | angemi | |||||||
Class 2 | beme | bangemi | |||||||
Class 3 | ume | ungemi | |||||||
Class 4 | ime | ingemi | |||||||
Class 5 | lime | lingemi | |||||||
Class 6 | eme | angemi | |||||||
Class 7 | sime | singemi | |||||||
Class 8 | zime | zingemi | |||||||
Class 9 | ime | ingemi | |||||||
Class 10 | zime | zingemi | |||||||
Class 11 | lume | lungemi | |||||||
Class 14 | bume | bungemi | |||||||
Class 15 | kume | kungemi | |||||||
Class 17 | kume | kungemi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngema | ngangema, angema, angangema | |||||||
2nd singular | wema | wangema, awema, awangema | |||||||
1st plural | sema | sangema, asema, asangema | |||||||
2nd plural | nema | nangema, anema, anangema | |||||||
Class 1 | wema | wangema, akema, akangema | |||||||
Class 2 | bema | bangema, abema, abangema | |||||||
Class 3 | wema | wangema, awema, awangema | |||||||
Class 4 | yema | yangema, ayema, ayangema | |||||||
Class 5 | lema | langema, alema, alangema | |||||||
Class 6 | ema | angema, awema, awangema | |||||||
Class 7 | sema | sangema, asema, asangema | |||||||
Class 8 | zema | zangema, azema, azangema | |||||||
Class 9 | yema | yangema, ayema, ayangema | |||||||
Class 10 | zema | zangema, azema, azangema | |||||||
Class 11 | lwema | lwangema, alwema, alwangema | |||||||
Class 14 | bema | bangema, abema, abangema | |||||||
Class 15 | kwema | kwangema, akwema, akwangema | |||||||
Class 17 | kwema | kwangema, akwema, akwangema |