jnn

jnn - Egyptian

Pronunciation

 
  • (reconstructed) IPA: /jaˈnan//jaˈnan//ʔaˈnan/
  • (modern Egyptological) IPA: /inɛn/
    • Conventional anglicization: inen

Pronoun

 pl 1. stressed (‘independent’) pronoun

  1. we, us (see usage notes)

Usage notes

Unlike the suffix pronouns and dependent pronouns, the independent pronouns are not tied to any other element of the sentence. Nevertheless, the meaning of an independent pronoun depends on context:

  • After an infinitive, it is the subject of the verb.
  • Before a noun, its meaning can be ambiguous:
    • In the first and second person, it could be the subject of a noun phrase.
    • Alternatively, in all persons, it can be the predicate of a noun phrase.
    • If the noun is a participle, then in all persons it could be either the subject or the predicate of a noun phrase.
    • If the demonstrative pronoun pw is placed between the pronoun and the noun, the pronoun is definitely the predicate.
  • Before an adjective, in the first person only, it is the subject of an adjectival phrase.

When the independent pronoun is the subject it may, but does not always, indicate an emphasised subject.

Inflection

number first person second person third person
masculine feminine masculine feminine
suffix pronouns singular , .j .k, .kj1 .ṯ, .ṯn .f, .fj1 .s, .sj1
dual .nj .ṯnj .snj
plural .n .ṯn .sn
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns singular w, wj, wy kw, k, ṯw, ṯm, ṯn sw, s s
dual ṯnj snj
plural n ṯn sn
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns singular jnk ṯwt ṯmt swt stt
dual ntsnj
plural ntṯn ntsn, jntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings singular .kj, .k .tj, .t , .j .tj, .t
dual .tjwn .wy, .wj .ty
plural .wn, .nw , .w, .y, .wy .tj, .t
  1. Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
number first person second person third person
masculine feminine masculine feminine
suffix pronouns singular , .j .k, .kj1 .ṯ, .t .f, .fj1 .s, .sj1
dual2 .nj .ṯnj, .tnj .snj
plural .n .ṯn, .tn .sn, .w3
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns singular wj, w ṯw, tw ṯn, tn sw, st sj, s, st
plural n ṯn, tn sn, st
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns singular jnk ntk, ṯwt2 ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2 ntf, swt2 nts, swt2
plural jnn3 ntṯn, nttn ntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings singular .kw .tj, .t, .tw3 , .w .tj, .t, .tw3
plural .wn, .wjn .tjwn, .tjwnj , .w, .y
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3 singular tw.j tw.k tw.t sw sj, st
plural tw.n tw.tn st
  1. Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
  2. Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
  3. Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.
number first person second person third person
masculine feminine masculine feminine
suffix pronouns singular , .j .k, .kw .t .f, .fj .s, .st, .sw
plural .n .tn, .twn .w, .sn1
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1 singular wj tw, tj sw, st
plural n, wn twn sn, st
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns singular jnk mntk, mtwk mntt, mtwy mntf mntst, mntjst
plural jnn mnttn mntw
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1 singular .kw, .k .tj, .tw , .w, .y .tj, .tw
plural .nw .tn , .w, .y
unmarked (later) , .tw
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns singular tw.j tw.k tw.t sw st, sw
plural tw.n tw.tn st, sw, swt
  1. Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.

Alternative forms

jnn

Descendants

Meaning and Definition of jnn
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