hun
hun - Translingual
Symbol
hun
- (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Hungarian.
hun - English
Pronunciation
- IPA: /hʌn/
Noun
hun (plural huns)
Noun
hun (plural huns)
Noun
hun (plural huns)
- Alternative form of hoon (“Indian gold coin”)
Anagrams
hun - Alemannic German
Alternative forms
Noun
hun m
- (Formazza) dog
hun - Breton
Noun
hun ?
hun - Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA: /ˈun/
- Homophone: un
Noun
hun m (plural huns, feminine huna)
Related terms
- húnnic
hun - Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA: [hun]
Pronoun
hun (objective case hende, possessive hendes)
- (personal) she
Noun
hun c (singular definite hunnen, plural indefinite hunner)
Declension
hun - Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɦʏn/
- Hyphenation: hun
Pronoun
hun (personal)
- The dative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them, to them.
- (proscribed) The accusative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them.
Usage notes
The difference between hen (as direct object) and hun (as indirect object) does not stem from actual language usage, but was created artificially by the prescriptive grammarian Christiaen van Heule in the 17th century in an attempt to differentiate between the accusative (direct object) and dative case (indirect object), a distinction that was then commonly made in the definite article and certain pronouns, but not the personal pronouns.
In practice, hen and hun have been used interchangeably in Modern Dutch since the language has lost its grammatical case system. Many native speakers are not aware or have trouble remembering when to use one over the other, in part because of the rule's artificiality, in part because the distinction in form between the accusative and dative case has not been preserved anywhere else in the language. As a consequence, it is common to hear sentences where they are used in the exactly opposite way from van Heule's rule; for example:
- Hij heeft hun verraden. (“He has betrayed them.”)
- Ze zijn met hun uitgegaan. (“They have gone out with them.”)
- Ik heb het hen gegeven. (“I have given it to them.”)
When the pronoun is unstressed, the problem can be circumvented by using the reduced form ze:
- Hij heeft ze verraden.
- Ze zijn met ze uitgegaan.
- Ik heb het ze gegeven.
For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.
Pronoun
hun (personal) (dependent possessive) (independent possessive hunne)
- The third-person plural possessive pronoun: their.
- Ken je hun broer?
- Do you know their brother?
Inflection
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). | 5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
Related terms
Pronoun
hun (personal)
- (proscribed, regiolectal, Netherlands) The nominative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: they (only referring to people).
Usage notes
hun - Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA: [ˈhun]
Adjective
hun (not comparable)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | hun | hunok |
accusative | hunt | hunokat |
dative | hunnak | hunoknak |
instrumental | hunnal | hunokkal |
causal-final | hunért | hunokért |
translative | hunná | hunokká |
terminative | hunig | hunokig |
essive-formal | hunként | hunokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | hunban | hunokban |
superessive | hunon | hunokon |
adessive | hunnál | hunoknál |
illative | hunba | hunokba |
sublative | hunra | hunokra |
allative | hunhoz | hunokhoz |
elative | hunból | hunokból |
delative | hunról | hunokról |
ablative | huntól | hunoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular | huné | hunoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural | hunéi | hunokéi |
Noun
hun (plural hunok)
- Hun (a member of a nomadic tribe)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | hun | hunok |
accusative | hunt | hunokat |
dative | hunnak | hunoknak |
instrumental | hunnal | hunokkal |
causal-final | hunért | hunokért |
translative | hunná | hunokká |
terminative | hunig | hunokig |
essive-formal | hunként | hunokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | hunban | hunokban |
superessive | hunon | hunokon |
adessive | hunnál | hunoknál |
illative | hunba | hunokba |
sublative | hunra | hunokra |
allative | hunhoz | hunokhoz |
elative | hunból | hunokból |
delative | hunról | hunokról |
ablative | huntól | hunoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular | huné | hunoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural | hunéi | hunokéi |
Possessive forms of hun | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | hunom | hunjaim |
2nd person sing. | hunod | hunjaid |
3rd person sing. | hunja | hunjai |
1st person plural | hununk | hunjaink |
2nd person plural | hunotok | hunjaitok |
3rd person plural | hunjuk | hunjaik |
Adverb
hun
- (dialectal) Alternative form of hol (“where”).
Derived terms
- sehun (dialectal)
hun - Iu Mien
Noun
hun
hun - Label
Noun
hun
hun - Malay
Noun
hun (plural hun-hun, informal 1st possessive hunku, 2nd possessive hunmu, 3rd possessive hunnya)
hun - Mandarin
Romanization
hun (hun5/hun0, Zhuyin ˙ㄏㄨㄣ)
- Nonstandard spelling of hūn.
- Nonstandard spelling of hún.
- Nonstandard spelling of hǔn.
- Nonstandard spelling of hùn.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
hun - Middle English
Noun
hun
- Alternative form of hund (“hundred”)
hun - Middle Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA: /hʉn/
Numeral
hun
- h-prothesized form of un
hun - Min Nan
For pronunciation and definitions of hun – see 分 (“to divide; to separate; to distribute; to allocate; to assign; to allot; etc.”). (This character, hun, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 分.) |
hun - Mizo
Noun
hun
hun - North Frisian
Noun
hun f (plural hunen)
hun - Norwegian Bokmål
Pronunciation
Pronoun
hun (accusative henne, genitive hennes)
Derived terms
- hunkjønn / hunnkjønn
Alternative forms
Noun
hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural huner, definite plural hunene)
- back board
hun - Norwegian Nynorsk
Noun
hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)
Alternative forms
- (since 2019) hon
Noun
hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)
- back part of a log that might still be used as a plank
Noun
hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)
- a Hun (a member of a nomadic tribe from Central Asia)
- Synonym: hunar
hun - Old Galician-Portuguese
Article
hun
- Alternative form of ũu
hun - Old High German
Proper noun
hun
hun - Romanian
Noun
hun m (plural huni)
Declension
hun - Tetum
Noun
hun
hun - Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA: [hun˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA: [hun˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA: [hʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
Verb
hun • (㖧)
- Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of to kiss
Usage notes
- The Northern form with [o] is pretty much never used in daily speech by speakers of Central and Southern dialects, although they might choose to use it in formal writing.
Synonyms
Verb
- to smoke (to preserve or prepare (food) for consumption by treating with smoke)
Derived terms
- hun đúc
- hun khói
Anagrams
hun - Welsh
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA: /hɨːn/
- (South Wales) IPA: /hiːn/
Noun
hun f (plural hunau, not mutable)
Derived terms
- anhun (“wakefulness”)
- huno (verb)
Numeral
hun
- h-prothesized form of un
Pronoun
hun
- (with possessive article, North Wales) self
- ei hun ― himself, herself
- ein hun ― ourselves
Related terms
- hunan (South Wales)
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
un | unchanged | unchanged | hun |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
hun - Yoruba
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA: /hũ̀/
Verb
hùn
- (Ikalẹ) to sleep
- Kítà é hùn. ― The dog is sleeping.
Derived terms
- àìhùn (“sleeplessness”)
hun - Yucatec Maya
Pronunciation
- IPA: [ˈhun]
Numeral
hun