grammar

grammar - English

Alternative forms

grammary (archaic)
grammer (obsolete)

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɡɹæ.mə(ɹ)/
(General American) enPR: gră'mər, IPA: /ˈɡɹæ.mɚ/
Hyphenation: gram‧mar

Noun

grammar (countable and uncountable, plural grammars)

A system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.
(uncountable, linguistics) The study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax).
A book describing the rules of grammar of a language.
(computing theory) A formal system specifying the syntax of a language.
Actual or presumed prescriptive notions about the correct use of a language.
(computing theory) A formal system defining a formal language
The basic rules or principles of a field of knowledge or a particular skill.
(Britain, archaic) A book describing these rules or principles; a textbook.
- a grammar of geography
(UK) A grammar school.

Synonyms

(study & field of study in medieval Latin contexts): glomery
(linguistics): morpho-syntax (from the relationship between morphology and syntax)

Hyponyms

context-sensitive grammar
finite-state grammar
Turing-complete grammar
normative grammar

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Afrikaans: grammatika (af)
Albanian: gramatikë (sq) f
Amharic: ሰዋሰው (säwasäw)
Arabic: قَوَاعِد‎ (ar) pl (qawāʕid), نَحْو‎ m (naḥw)
- Hijazi Arabic: قَواعِد‎ f pl (qawāʕid)
Aragonese: gramatica f
Armenian: քերականություն (hy) (kʿerakanutʿyun)
Assamese: ব্যাকৰণ (byakoron)
Asturian: gramática f
Azerbaijani: qrammatika (az)
Bashkir: грамматика (grammatika)
Basque: gramatika (eu)
Belarusian: грама́тыка f (hramátyka)
Bengali: ব্যাকরণ (bn) (bêkoron)
Bikol Central: balanghayan
Breton: yezhadur (br)
Bulgarian: грама́тика (bg) f (gramátika)
Burmese: သဒ္ဒါ (my) (sadda)
Catalan: gramàtica (ca) f
Chinese:
- Cantonese: 文法 (man⁴ faat³), 語法／语法 (jyu⁵ faat³)
- Dungan: йүфа (yüfa)
- Hakka: 語法／语法 (ngî-fap)
- Mandarin: 語法／语法 (zh) (yǔfǎ), 文法 (zh) (wénfǎ)
- Min Dong: 語法／语法 (ngṳ̄-huák)
- Min Nan: 文法 (zh-min-nan) (bûn-hoat), 語法／语法 (zh-min-nan) (gír-hoat, gú-hoat, gí-hoat)
- Wu: 語法／语法 (nyy faq)
Chuvash: грамматика (grammat̬ik̬a)
Czech: mluvnice (cs) f, gramatika (cs) f
Danish: grammatik (da) c
Dutch: spraakkunst (nl) f, grammatica (nl) f
Esperanto: gramatiko
Estonian: grammatika, keeleõpetus
Faroese: mállæra f
Finnish: kielioppi (fi)
French: grammaire (fr) f
Galician: gramática f
Georgian: გრამატიკა (gramaṭiḳa)
German: Grammatik (de) f, Sprachlehre (de) f
Greek: γραμματική (el) f (grammatikí)
- Ancient: γραμματική f (grammatikḗ)
Greenlandic: oqaasilerissutit
Gujarati: વ્યાકરણ (gu) m (vyākraṇ)
Hausa: nahawu (ha)
Hebrew: דִּקְדּוּק‎ m (dikdúk)
Hindi: व्याकरण (hi) m (vyākraṇ), ब्याकरण m (byākraṇ)
- Fiji Hindi: vyakaran
Hungarian: nyelvtan (hu)
Icelandic: málfræði (is) f
Ilocano: alagadan
Indonesian: tata bahasa (id)
Interlingua: grammatica (ia)
Irish: gramadach f
Italian: grammatica (it) f
Japanese: 文法 (ja) (ぶんぽう, bunpō)
Kannada: ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ (kn) (vyākaraṇa)
Kazakh: грамматика (grammatika)
Khmer: វេយ្យាករណ៍ (km) (vɨyyiəkɑɑ)
Korean: 문법(文法) (ko) (munbeop)
Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: ڕێزمان‎ (ckb) (rêzman)
- Northern Kurdish: rêziman (ku)
Kyrgyz: грамматика (ky) (grammatika)
Ladino: gramatika
Lao: ໄວຍະກອນ (lo) (wai nya kǭn)
Latvian: gramatika f
Lithuanian: gramatika (lt) f
Luxembourgish: Grammaire f, Grammatik f
Macedonian: граматика f (gramatika)
Malay: tatabahasa (ms), parmasastera
Malayalam: വ്യാകരണം (ml) (vyākaraṇaṃ)
Maltese: grammatika f
Manx: grammeydys
Maori: tikanga wetereo, wetereo
Marathi: व्याकरण n (vyākraṇ)
Mirandese: gramática f
Mongolian:
- Cyrillic: хэл зүй (mn) (xel züj), дүрэм (mn) (dürem)
Nepali: व्याकरण (ne) (vyākaraṇ)
Newar: व्याकरण (wyākaraṇa)
Norman: grammaithe f
Northern Sami: giellaoahppa
Norwegian:
- Bokmål: grammatikk (no) m
- Nynorsk: grammatikk m
Occitan: gramatica (oc) f
Old English: stæfcræft m
Ossetian: грамматикӕ (grammatikæ)
Pashto: ګرامر‎ m (gerāmar), صرف و نحو‎ (ps) f (sarf o nahwa), پښويه‎ (ps) f (px̌oya), ژبدود‎ m (žǝbdod), ګړپوهنه‎ f (gǝṛpohǝna)
Persian: دستور زبان‎ (fa) (dastur-e zabân), گرامر‎ (fa) (gerâmer)
Polish: gramatyka (pl) f
Portuguese: gramática (pt) f
Punjabi: ਵਿਆਕਰਨ (viākaran)
Quechua: simi kamachiy
Romanian: gramatică (ro) f
Russian: грамма́тика (ru) f (grammátika)
Rusyn: ґрама́тіка f (gramátika)
Rwanda-Rundi: ikibonezamvugo (Rwanda)
Samogitian: gramatėka f
Sanskrit: व्याकरण (sa) n (vyākaraṇa)
Scottish Gaelic: gràmar m
Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: грама̀тика f, сло́вница f
- Roman: gramàtika (sh) f, slóvnica (sh) f
Sinhalese: ව්‍යාකරණ (wyākaraṇa)
Slovak: gramatika (sk) f
Slovene: slovnica (sl)
Spanish: gramática (es) f
Swahili: sarufi (sw)
Swedish: grammatik (sv) c
Tagalog: balarila
Tajik: дастури забон (tg) (dasturi zabon), грамматика (tg) (grammatika)
Tamil: இலக்கணம் (ta) (ilakkaṇam)
Tatar: грамматика (tt) (grammatika)
Telugu: నామవాచకం (te) (nāmavācakaṁ)
Thai: ไวยากรณ์ (th) (wai-yaa-gɔɔn)
Tibetan: བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་གཞུང (brda sprod kyi gzhung), སུམ་རྟགས (sum rtags)
Turkish: dil bilgisi (tr), gramer (tr)
Turkmen: grammatika (tk)
Ukrainian: грама́тика f (hramátyka)
Urdu: ویاکرن‎ m (vyākaraṇ), قواعدِ زبان‎ (qawā'id-e zabān)
Uyghur: گرامماتىكا‎ (grammatika)
Uzbek: grammatika (uz)
Vietnamese: ngữ pháp (vi) (語法 (vi))
Volapük: gramat (vo)
Welsh: gramadeg (cy)
Yiddish: גראַמאַטיק‎ (yi) f (gramatik)
Zealandic: grammaotica
Zhuang: yijfaz

Albanian: gramatikë (sq) f
Arabic: عِلْم قَوَاعِد‎ m (ʕilm qawāʕid)
Belarusian: грама́тыка f (hramátyka)
Bulgarian: грама́тика (bg) f (gramátika)
Catalan: gramàtica (ca)
Finnish: kielioppi (fi)
French: grammaire (fr) f
Galician: gramática f
German: Grammatik (de) f, Grammatiktheorie (de) f, Sprachlehre (de) f, Sprachkunst (de) f
Greek: γραμματική (el) f (grammatikí)
- Ancient: γραμματική f (grammatikḗ)
Interlingua: grammatica (ia)
Italian: grammatica (it) f
Japanese: 文法 (ja) (ぶんぽう, bunpō)
Korean: * Korean: 문법(文法) (ko) (munbeop), 문법학(文法學) (munbeophak)
Latin: grammatica (la) f, grammatice f, litteratio f, litteratoria f
Latvian: gramatika f
Macedonian: граматика f (gramatika)
Maori: wetereo
Norman: grammaithe f
Persian: دستور زبان‎ (fa) (dastur-e zabân), گرامر‎ (fa) (gerâmer)
Polish: gramatyka (pl) f
Portuguese: gramática (pt) f
Russian: грамма́тика (ru) f (grammátika)
Scottish Gaelic: gràmar m
Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: грама̀тика f
- Roman: gramàtika (sh) f
Slovene: slovnica (sl)
Spanish: gramática (es) f
Swedish: grammatik (sv) c
Tajik: дастури забон (tg) (dasturi zabon), грамматика (tg) (grammatika)
Turkish: dil bilgisi (tr), gramer (tr)

Arabic: قَوَاعِد‎ (ar) pl (qawāʕid)
Bulgarian: уче́бник по грама́тика m (učébnik po gramátika)
Catalan: gramàtica (ca)
Dutch: spraakkunstboek n
Estonian: grammatika
Faroese: mállæra f
Finnish: kielioppikirja
French: grammaire (fr) f
Galician: gramática f
German: Grammatik (de) f, Sprachlehre (de) f
Greek: γραμματική (el) f (grammatikí)
Icelandic: málfræði (is) f, málfræðibók f
Interlingua: grammatica (ia)
Italian: grammatica (it) f
Japanese: 文法書 (ぶんぽうしょ, bunpōsho)
Korean: 문법책(文法冊) (ko) (munbeopchaek)
Latvian: gramatika f
Macedonian: граматика f (gramatika)
Manx: lioar ghrammeydys f
Maori: pukapuka wetereo
Norman: grammaithe f
Norwegian:
- Bokmål: grammatikk (no) m
- Nynorsk: grammatikk m
Occitan: gramatica (oc) f
Portuguese: gramática (pt) f
Russian: уче́бник по грамма́тике m (učébnik po grammátike), грамма́тика (ru) f (grammátika)
Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: грама̀тика f, сло́вница f
- Roman: gramàtika (sh) f, slóvnica (sh) f
Slovene: slovnica (sl)
Spanish: gramática (es) f
Swedish: grammatik (sv) c, grammatikbok c, språklära c
Turkish: dil bilgisi kitabı, gramer kitabı
Ukrainian: грама́тика f (hramátyka)

Arabic: قَوَاعِد‎ (ar) pl (qawāʕid)
Bulgarian: грама́тика (bg) f (gramátika)
Chinese:
- Mandarin: 語法／语法 (zh) (yǔfǎ)
Czech: gramatika (cs) f
Finnish: kielioppi (fi)
French: grammaire (fr) f
Galician: gramática f
German: Grammatik (de) f
Greek: γραμματική (el) f (grammatikí)
Japanese: 文法 (ja) (ぶんぽう, bunpō)
Macedonian: граматика f (gramatika)
Norman: grammaithe f
Polish: gramatyka (pl) f
Portuguese: gramática (pt) f
Russian: грамма́тика (ru) f (grammátika)
Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: грама̀тика f
- Roman: gramàtika (sh) f
Swedish: grammatik (sv) c

Verb

grammar (third-person singular simple present grammars, present participle grammaring, simple past and past participle grammared)

(obsolete, intransitive) To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use grammar.

grammar - Manx

Noun

grammar m (genitive singular [please provide], plural [please provide])

grammar

Synonyms

grammeydys

Related terms

Mutation

Manx mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
grammar	ghrammar	ngrammar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.