er
er - English
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɜː/
- Used in non-rhotic dialects. Compare uh.
Interjection
er
- Said when hesitating in speech.
Verb
er (third-person singular simple present ers, present participle erring, simple past and past participle erred)
- (informal) To utter the word "er" when hesitating in speech, found in the phrase um and er.
- He ummed and erred his way through the presentation.
Noun
er (plural ers)
Anagrams
er - Afrikaans
Pronunciation
- IPA: /æːr/
Noun
er (plural erre or ers, diminutive erretjie)
- The name of the Latin-script letter R.
er - Alemannic German
Pronoun
er m
Declension
nominative | accusative | dative | possessive m | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich, i | mich, mi | mir, mier, mer | min, miin | |
2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich, di | dir, dier, der | din, diin |
polite | Si | Ine, Ene, -ne | Ire | ||
3rd person singular | m | er | in, en | im | sin, siin |
f | si | ire | |||
n | es, 's, -s | im | sin, siin | ||
1st person plural | mir, mer | üs, öis, ois, eus | üse, öise, oise, euse | ||
2nd person plural | ir, ier | öi, eu | öie, eure | ||
3rd person plural | si | ine, ene, -ne | ire |
er - Bavarian
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA: /eɐ̯/
Pronoun
er
er - Breton
Contraction
er
er - Cimbrian
Alternative forms
- èar (Sette Comuni)
Pronoun
er
Inflection
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | iar |
3rd person | er, si, 'z | se |
er - Cornish
Pronunciation
- IPA: [eːɹ]
Noun
Noun
er m (plural erys)
Noun
er
- Soft mutation of ger.
er - Crimean Tatar
Adjective
er
er - Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA: [ˈɛr]
Noun
er n (indeclinable)
- The name of the Latin-script letter R.
er - Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɛr/, [ɛɐ̯], [ɛɒ̯̽], but often elided in spontaneous speech.
Verb
er
- present of være
er - Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɛr/, /ər/, /dər/
Adverb
er
- there (unspecific to distance)
- (with a preposition) it; him, her, them.
- Ik heb ermee gewerkt.
- I have worked with it/them.
- Je kunt er de bergen boven zien.
- You can see the mountains above it/them.
- Ik heb ermee gewerkt.
Usage notes
Descendants
- Petjo: d'r
Adverb
er
- (partitive pronoun) of them, of those (often not translated in English)
- Mijn broer heeft drie kinderen en ik heb er twee.
- My brother has three children and I have two. (literally: two of those)
- Ik zie er geen meer.
- I don't see any more (of them).
- Mijn broer heeft drie kinderen en ik heb er twee.
Synonyms
Derived terms
See Dutch pronominal adverbs
Related terms
Anagrams
er - East Damar
Noun
er
er - Faroese
Pronunciation
- IPA: /eːɹ/
Verb
er
- third-person singular indicative present of at vera
- Hann er skipari.
- He is a captain/skipper.
- Hon er úr Føroyum.
- She is from the Faroe Islands.
- Tað er í ordan.
- It's all right.
Conjugation
Conjugation of vera (irregular) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | vera | |
supine | verið | |
participle | verandi | - |
present | past | |
first singular | eri | var |
second singular | ert | vart |
third singular | er | var |
plural | eru | vóru |
imperative | ||
singular | ver! | |
plural | verið! | |
er - German
Pronunciation
- (standard) IPA: /eːr/, [ʔeːɐ̯], [ʔɛɐ̯]
- Homophone: Ehr
- (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA: /ɐ/
Pronoun
er
- (personal) he.
- Wo ist Klaus? Wo ist er? ― Where is Klaus? Where is he?
- Dies ist mein Hund. Er heißt Waldi. ― This is my dog. His name is Waldi.
- (personal) it (when the grammatical gender of the object/article/thing/animal etc., being referred to, is masculine (der)).
- Dort steht ein Baum. Er ist über hundert Jahre alt. ― There stands a tree. It is more than 100 years old.
- (personal) she (when the grammatical gender of the noun being referred to and designating a female person, is masculine (der)).
- Im Frauengefängnis versuchte ein Häftling zu flüchten, aber er kam nicht weit. ― In the women’s prison, an inmate tried to escape, but she didn’t get very far.
- (personal, archaic) Alternative spelling of Er (you (polite))
Declension
singular | plural | singular and plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person familiar1 | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person familiar1 | 3rd person | 2nd person polite/formal | |||
m | f | n | |||||||
nominative | ich | du -e2 | er | sie -se2 | es | wir mir3 | ihr | sie -se2 | Sie Ihr4 |
genitive | meiner mein4 | deiner dein4 | seiner sein4 | ihrer | seiner sein4 | unser | euer | ihrer | Ihrer Euer4 |
dative | mir | dir | ihm | ihr | ihm | uns | euch | ihnen | Ihnen Euch4 |
accusative | mich | dich | ihn | sie -se2 | es | sie -se2 | Sie Euch4 |
1These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. 2enclitic, colloquial 3dialectal 4archaic
- In contemporary German, the genitive forms of personal pronouns are restricted to formal style and are infrequent even then. They may be used:
- for the genitive object still found in a handful of verbs: Ich erbarmte mich seiner. – "I had mercy on him". (Colloquially one would either use the dative case, or a prepositional object, or replace the verb with another.)
- with certain adjectives or prepositions that govern the genitive, such as statt ("instead of, in place of"): Ich kam statt seiner in die Mannschaft. – I joined the team in his place. (This sounds antiquated, for which reason an seiner Statt or an seiner Stelle is preferable.)
- Older forms/spellings include:
Derived terms
- hatter (hat er; colloquial)
er - Hunsrik
Alternative forms
- ëyer (Wiesemann spelling system)
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ˈɛɐ/
Pronoun
er
Inflection
nominative | accusative | dative | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proclitic | Enclitic | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | |
1st person singular | ich | -ich | mich
meich |
meer | mer
m'r | |
2nd person singular (informal) | du | -du, -de
-Dau, -De |
dich | deer | der
d'r/D'r | |
3rd person singular (m.) | er; där | -er | ihn | en | ihm | em |
3rd person singular (f.) | sie; die | -se | sie / ihns | se | eer | re |
3rd person singular (n.) | es; das | 's | es |
-et, -'t |
ihm | em |
1st person plural | meer | mer | uns | |||
2nd person plural | deer
Ehr, Dehr |
der | eich | |||
3rd person plural | sie; die | -se | sie | se | denne |
er - Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɛːr/
Verb
er
Pronoun
er
- (relative) which
- (archaic) in relations with a demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these) or personal pronoun (I, we, they), which represents the genitive of a relative pronoun.
Conjunction
er
- (with an "indexical"; ábendingarorð) of a place, of a time
- Þar er ég kom.
- There whence I came.
- Þá er myndin var búin.
- When the movie was finished.
Derived terms
- þá er þegar
er - Italian
Alternative forms
- 'r (after vowels)
Article
er m sg
er - Jamtish
Verb
er
- present indicative of vara
er - Japanese
Alternative forms
- ler (-rā)
Pronunciation
- IPA: [a̠ː]
Suffix
er • (-ā)
- (slang) Suffix used for people, especially fans.
Derived terms
Related terms
- ist (-isuto)
er - Kembra
Noun
er
er - Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA: /eːr/, [eːr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA: /er/, [ɛr]
Noun
ēr m (genitive ēris); third declension
Usage notes
There is some uncertainty as to the exact forms of this word, especially regarding whether the lemma form of this was ēr or ēris, as the forms attested in literature could point to either option. Another form, irim (acc. sing.; found in Plautus, Capt. 184), seems to be a spelling variant.
Declension
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | ēr | ērēs |
Genitive | ēris | ērum |
Dative | ērī | ēribus |
Accusative | ērem | ērēs |
Ablative | ēre | ēribus |
Vocative | ēr | ērēs |
Related terms
- ēricius (“hedgehog; picket”)
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA: /er/, [ɛr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA: /er/, [ɛr]
Noun
er f (indeclinable)
- The name of the letter R.
Usage notes
- Multiple Latin names for the letter R, r have been suggested. The most common is er or a syllabic r, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, rē, rrr, ər, rə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ιρρε (irrhe).
Coordinate terms
er - Latvian
Pronunciation
- IPA: [ɛɾ]
Noun
er m (invariable)
er - Low German
Pronoun
er
- Alternative spelling of ehr
er - Mambae
Noun
er
er - Mandarin
Romanization
er
- Nonstandard spelling of ēr.
- Nonstandard spelling of ér.
- Nonstandard spelling of ěr.
- Nonstandard spelling of èr.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
er - Manx
Preposition
er
Inflection
Singular | Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd m. | 3rd f. | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Normal | orrym | ort | er | urree | orrin | erriu | orroo |
Emphatic | orryms | orts | ersyn | urreeish | orrinyn | erriuish | orroosyn |
Pronoun
er
Derived terms
- ersyn (emphatic)
er - Middle Dutch
Adverb
er
- unstressed form of dāer
er - Middle English
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɛːr/
Adverb
er
Derived terms
Descendants
Determiner
er
- Alternative form of hire (“her”, genitive)
Pronoun
er
- Alternative form of hire (“hers”)
Pronoun
er
- Alternative form of hire (“her”, object)
Noun
er
- Alternative form of eere (“ear of grain”)
Determiner
er
- Alternative form of here (“their”)
er - Mòcheno
Pronoun
er
Inflection
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | ir |
3rd person | er, si, s | sei |
er - Norwegian Bokmål
Pronunciation
- IPA: /eːɾ/, [æːɾ]
Verb
er
- present of være (=to be)
er - Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA: /æː(r)/, /eː(r)/
Verb
er
er - Old Dutch
Preposition
ēr
- before, earlier than
Descendants
Conjunction
ēr
Descendants
Adverb
ēr
- previously, in an earlier period, in a bygone time
- earlier, before a certain time or period
Descendants
- Middle Dutch: êer
er - Old Frisian
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ˈeːr/, [ˈɛːr]
Adverb
ēr
Preposition
ēr (+ dative)
- (of time) before
Descendants
- Saterland Frisian: eer
- West Frisian: ear't
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ˈeːr/, [ˈɛːr]
Noun
ēr f
- Alternative form of ēre
er - Old High German
Pronunciation
- IPA: /eːr/
Adjective
ēr
Adverb
ēr
Conjunction
ēr
Preposition
ēr (+ dative)
Pronunciation
- IPA: /eːr/
Noun
ēr n
Descendants
Alternative forms
- her (northern)
Pronunciation
- IPA: /er/
Pronoun
er
Inflection
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | ih (ihha, ihcha) | mīn | mir | mih | |
Second | dū | dīn | dir | dih | ||
Third | Masculine | er (her) | (sīn) | imu, imo | inan, in | |
Feminine | siu; sī, si | ira (iru, iro) | iru, iro | sia | ||
Neuter | iz | es, is | imu, imo | iz | ||
Plural | First | wir | unsēr | uns | unsih | |
Second | ir | iuwēr | iu | iuwih | ||
Third | Masculine | sie | iro | im, in | sie | |
Feminine | sio | iro | im, in | sio | ||
Neuter | siu | iro | im, in | siu | ||
Polite form | Second | ir | iuwēr | iu | iuwih |
Descendants
er - Old Norse
Alternative forms
Pronoun
er
Conjunction
er
Descendants
Verb
er
- third-person singular indicative present of vera
Descendants
er - Old Saxon
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɛːr/
Adjective
ēr
Declension
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | ēr | ēre, ēra | ēr | ēra | ēr | ēr, ēra |
accusative | ēran, ēren | ēra, ēre | ēra | ēra | ēr | ēr, ēra |
genitive | ēres, ēras | ēraro, ēroro, ērero | ērara, ēraro | ēraro, ēroro, ērero | ēres, ēras | ēraro, ēroro, ērero |
dative | ērumu, ērum, ērun, ērun, ēron, ēren, ēran | ērun, ēron, ērum | ēraro, ēraru, ērara | ērun, ēron | ērumu, ērum, ērun, ērun, ēron, ēren, ēran | ērun, ēron, ērum |
Weak declension | ||||||
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | ēro, ēra | ēron, ērun | ēra, ēre | ēron, ērun, ēran | ēra, ēre | ēron, ērun |
accusative | ēron, ēran | ēron, ērun | ērun, ēron, ēran | ēron, ērun, ēran | ēra, ēre | ēron, ērun |
genitive | ēren, ēran | ērono, ēreno | ērun, ēran, ēren | ērono | ēren, ēran | ērono, ēreno |
dative | ēron, ēren, ēran | ēron, ērun | ērun, ēran | ēron, ērun | ēron, ēren, ēran | ēron, ērun |
Adverb
ēr
Conjunction
ēr
Preposition
ēr (+ dative)
Noun
ēr ?
Descendants
- Middle Low German: ēr
Noun
ēr m
er - Palauan
Preposition
er
- Used to indicate a specific object noun phrase.
- el mo er a medad ― in the future.
- er a elecha el tutau ― this morning.
- rakket er a tenis ― tennis racket.
er - Pennsylvania German
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɛɐ̯/
Pronoun
er
Declension
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | |
---|---|---|---|
1st - Singular | ich | mich | mir mer (unstressed) |
2nd - Singular | du de (unstressed) | dich | dir der (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Masculine | er | ihn en (unstressed) | ihm em (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Feminine | sie se (unstressed) | sie se (unstressed) | ihre re (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Neuter | es | es | ihm em (unstressed) |
1st - Plural | mir mer (unstressed) | uns | uns |
2nd - Plural | dihr der (unstressed) | eich | eich |
3rd - Plural | sie | sie | ihne ne (unstressed) |
2nd - Polite | Sie | Sie | Ihne Ne (unstressed) |
er - Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɛr/
- Syllabification: er
Noun
er f
- genitive plural of era
er - Salar
Verb
er
Noun
er
Adjective
er
- (Mengda, Ejia) early
Adverb
er
Derived terms
er - Saterland Frisian
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ər/
Pronoun
er
- unstressed form of hie (“he”)
er - Scots
Verb
er
- (South Scots) Second-person simple present form of ti be
- (South Scots) Plural simple present form of ti be
- (South Scots) First-person singular simple present form of an obscure form of ti be
- A'm er so!
Usage notes
Used emphatically. See ir.
Noun
er (plural ers)
- Shetland form of air (“beach”)
er - Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA: /eːr/
Pronoun
er c (neuter possessive only ert, plural era)
- you (plural, object)
- Synonym: (formal, archaic) eder
- (possessive) your, yours; (speaking to more than one person, about one object)
- (reflexive) reflexive of ni; compare yourselves
- Skulle ni vilja lära er jonglera?
- Would you guys like to learn how to juggle?
Usage notes
- See ni for a note on its use as a courteous 2nd person singular.
- Even though er (2) and its archaic form eder is the possessive pronoun, it does have a genitive form ers and eders, which is only used in expressions like Ers Majestät (“Your Majesty”) and Ers Höghet (“Your Highness”).
Declension
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina |
Anagrams
er - Turkish
Pronunciation
- IPA: /æɾ/
Adjective
er
Noun
er (definite accusative eri, plural erler)
Declension
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | er | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | eri | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | er | erler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | eri | erleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | ere | erlere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | erde | erlerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | erden | erlerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | erin | erlerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Verb
er
- second-person singular imperative of ermek
er - Uzbek
Noun
er (plural erlar)
Derived terms
er - Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɛr/
Conjunction
er
Derived terms
- er mwyn (“for the sake of; in order to”)
- er gwaethaf (“despite”)
- ers (“since”)
Noun
er f (plural eriau)
- The name of the Latin-script letter R.
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
er | unchanged | unchanged | her |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
er - West Frisian
Pronoun
er
- clitic form of hy used before the object or after the verb.