WordCodex

and

See also: Variations of "and"

and - English

Pronunciation

  • (unstressed or, for some speakers, stressed) Homophone: end
  • (unstressed) Homophone: an

Alternative forms

Conjunction

and

  1. As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
    1. Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs.
    2. Simply connecting two clauses or sentences.
    3. Introducing a clause or sentence which follows on in time or consequence from the first.
    4. (obsolete) Yet; but.
    5. Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (not dated); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes.
    6. (now colloquial or literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.
    7. Connecting two identical elements, with implications of continued or infinite repetition.
    8. Introducing a parenthetical or explanatory clause.
    9. Introducing the continuation of narration from a previous understood point; also used alone as a question: ‘and so what?’.
    10. (now regional or somewhat colloquial) Used to connect two verbs where the second is dependent on the first: ‘to’. Used especially after come, go and try.
    11. Introducing a qualitative difference between things having the same name; "as well as other".
    12. Used to combine numbers in addition; plus (with singular or plural verb).
  2. (heading) Expressing a condition.
    1. (now US dialect) If; provided that.
    2. (obsolete) As if, as though.
  3. (mathematics, logic) connecting two well-formed formulas to create a well formed formula that requires the new formula to only be true when each of the two are true.

Usage notes

Beginning a sentence with and or other coordinating conjunctions is considered incorrect by classical grammarians arguing that a coordinating conjunction at the start of a sentence has nothing to connect, but use of the word in this way is very common. The practice will be found in literature from Anglo-Saxon times onwards, especially as an aid to continuity in narrative and dialogue. The OED provides examples from the 9th century to the 19th century, including one from Shakespeare’s King John: “Arthur. Must you with hot Irons, burne out both mine eyes? Hubert. Young boy, I must. Arthur. And will you? Hubert. And I will.” It is also used for other rhetorical purposes, especially to denote surprise

(O John! and you have seen him! And are you really going?—1884 in OED)

and sometimes just to introduce an improvised afterthought

(I’m going to swim. And don’t you dare watch—G. Butler, 1983)

It is, however, poor style to separate short statements into separate sentences when no special effect is needed: I opened the door and I looked into the room (not *I opened the door. And I looked into the room). Combining sentences or starting with in addition or moreover is preferred in formal writing.

And is often omitted for contextual effects of various kinds, especially between sequences of descriptive adjectives which can be separated by commas or simply by spaces

(The teeming jerrybuilt dun-coloured traffic-ridden deafening city—Penelope Lively, 1987)

And all is a well-established tag added to the end of a statement, as in

Isn’t it amazing? He has a Ph.D. and all—J. Shute, 1992

With the nominal meaning “also, besides, in addition”, the use has origins in dialect, as can be seen from the material from many regions given in the English Dialect Dictionary (often written in special ways, e.g., ano', an'-all, an' a'). In many of the examples it seems to lack any perceptible lexical meaning and to be just a rhythmical device to eke out a sentence.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

and (plural ands)

  1. (music, often informal) In rhythm, the second half of a divided beat.

Alternative forms

Noun

and (plural ands)

  1. (UK dialectal) Breath.
  2. (UK dialectal) Sea smoke; steam fog.

Alternative forms

Verb

and (third-person singular simple present ands, present participle anding, simple past and past participle anded)

  1. (UK dialectal, intransitive) To breathe; whisper; devise; imagine.

Anagrams

and - Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

  • IPA: [ɑnd]

Noun

and (definite accusative andı, plural andlar)

  1. oath

Declension

    Declension of and
    Possessive forms of and

Derived terms

and - Danish

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /anˀ/, [ænˀ]

Noun

and c (singular definite anden, plural indefinite ænder)

  1. duck
  2. canard (false or misleading report or story)

Declension

common gender Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative and anden ænder ænderne
genitive ands andens ænders ændernes

and - Estonian

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /ˈɑnʲd̥/, [ˈɑnʲd̥]

Noun

and (genitive anni, partitive andi)

  1. offering, gift
  2. alms, donation
  3. giftedness, talent
  4. act of giving

Declension

singular plural
nominative and annid
genitive anni andide
partitive andi ande / andisid
illative andi / annisse andidesse
inessive annis andides
elative annist andidest
allative annile andidele
adessive annil andidel
ablative annilt andidelt
translative anniks andideks
terminative annini andideni
essive annina andidena
abessive annita andideta
comitative anniga andidega

and - Gothic

Romanization

and

  1. Romanization of 𐌰𐌽𐌳

and - Livonian

Alternative forms

  • (Courland) andõ

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /ɑnd/

Verb

and

  1. (Salaca) to give

and - Middle English

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /and/
  • (unstressed) IPA: /an/, /ɛn/

Conjunction

and

  1. and, and then (connects two elements of a sentence)
  2. however, yet, but, though. while
  3. if, supposing that, whether.
  4. (rare) As though, like, in a manner suggesting.

Descendants

and - Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /ɑnː/, /ɑnd/

Noun

and f or m (definite singular anda or anden, indefinite plural ender, definite plural endene)

  1. a duck
  2. canard (false or misleading report or story)

Derived terms

and - Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /an(d)/, [ɐ̞nd], [ɐ̞nː]

Alternative forms

  • ond
  • ønd (dialectal)

Noun

and f (definite singular anda, indefinite plural ender, definite plural endene)

  1. a duck (waterbird)

Declension

feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative and anda ender1 endene1
compound-genitive ande- ― ande- ―
1Plural with tonem 1, stemming from older one-syllable forms.
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative and andi ender1 enderna1
dative ― (andenne) ― andom, ondom
compound-genitive andar- ― ande- ―
1Plural with tonem 1, stemming from older one-syllable forms.

Derived terms

Alternative forms

Noun

and f (definite singular anda, indefinite plural ander, definite plural andene)

  1. breath, spirit

Verb

and

  1. imperative of ande

Anagrams

and - Old English

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /ɑnd/

Conjunction

and

  1. and

Synonyms

Descendants

Adverb

and

  1. even; also

and - Old Frisian

Alternative forms

Conjunction

and

  1. and

Descendants

  • North Frisian: en
  • Saterland Frisian: un
  • West Frisian: en, in

and - Old Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /an͈d/

Pronoun

and

  1. third-person singular masculine/neuter dative of hi: in him, in it

Adverb

and

  1. there
  2. then, in that case

Descendants

and - Scots

Conjunction

and

  1. Alternative form of an

Usage notes

  • While and is relatively often written due to English influence, it is seldom pronounced as such, making way for an.

and - Swedish

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /and/

Noun

and c

  1. a wild duck

Declension

Declension of and 

Anagrams

and - Turkish

Noun

and

  1. Archaic form of ant (“oath”).

and - Yola

Conjunction

and

  1. Alternative form of an (“and”)

and - Zealandic

Noun

and f (plural [please provide])

  1. hand

Alternative forms

Meaning and Definition of and
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