ab

See also: Variations of "ab"

ab - Translingual

Symbol

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Abkhaz.

ab - English

Pronunciation

IPA: /æb/

Noun

ab (plural abs)

(informal) abdominal muscle.

Usage notes

Most often used attributively. Substantive use is more common in the plural form abs.

Translations

Chinese:
- Mandarin: 腹肌 (zh) (fùjī)
Esperanto: ventromuskolo
Finnish: vatsalihas (fi)
French: abdo (fr)
German: Bauchmuskeln (de) m pl
Japanese: 腹筋 (ふっきん (fukkin))
Polish: mięsień prosty brzucha m
Russian: пресс (ru) m (press)
Vietnamese: múi (vi), múi cơ, cơ bụng

Noun

ab (plural abs)

(slang) An abscess caused by injecting an illegal drug, usually heroin.

Translations

Verb

ab (third-person singular simple present abs, present participle abbing, simple past and past participle abbed)

(climbing, informal) To abseil.
Abbreviation of abort.

Noun

Abbreviation of abortion.

Preposition

Abbreviation of about.

Adverb

Abbreviation of about.

Noun

ab (plural abs)

(US) The early stages of; the beginning process; the start.

Anagrams

-ba-, B. A., B.A., BA, Ba, ba, ba'

ab - Aynu

Pronunciation

IPA: /ɑb/

Noun

water

ab - Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

IPA: [ɑb]

Noun

ab (definite accusative abı, plural ablar)

(Classical Azerbaijani) water
- Synonym: su

Declension

Declension of ab
	singular	plural
nominative	ab	ablar
definite accusative	abı	abları
dative	aba	ablara
locative	abda	ablarda
ablative	abdan	ablardan
definite genitive	abın	abların

Possessive forms of ab
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	abım	ablarım
sənin (“your”)	abın	abların
onun (“his/her/its”)	abı	abları
bizim (“our”)	abımız	ablarımız
sizin (“your”)	abınız	ablarınız
onların (“their”)	abı or abları	abları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	abımı	ablarımı
sənin (“your”)	abını	ablarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	abını	ablarını
bizim (“our”)	abımızı	ablarımızı
sizin (“your”)	abınızı	ablarınızı
onların (“their”)	abını or ablarını	ablarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	abıma	ablarıma
sənin (“your”)	abına	ablarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	abına	ablarına
bizim (“our”)	abımıza	ablarımıza
sizin (“your”)	abınıza	ablarınıza
onların (“their”)	abına or ablarına	ablarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	abımda	ablarımda
sənin (“your”)	abında	ablarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	abında	ablarında
bizim (“our”)	abımızda	ablarımızda
sizin (“your”)	abınızda	ablarınızda
onların (“their”)	abında or ablarında	ablarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	abımdan	ablarımdan
sənin (“your”)	abından	ablarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	abından	ablarından
bizim (“our”)	abımızdan	ablarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	abınızdan	ablarınızdan
onların (“their”)	abından or ablarından	ablarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	abımın	ablarımın
sənin (“your”)	abının	ablarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	abının	ablarının
bizim (“our”)	abımızın	ablarımızın
sizin (“your”)	abınızın	ablarınızın
onların (“their”)	abının or ablarının	ablarının

Related terms

ab-hava (“climate”)
abı (“sky-blue”)

ab - Blagar

Noun

fish

ab - Catalan

Pronunciation

IPA: /ap/
(Before a voiced consonant or a vowel) IPA: /ab/
(Before a voiced consonant or a vowel in betacist dialects) IPA: /aβ/

Preposition

Obsolete form of amb.

ab - Danish

Pronunciation

IPA: /ab/, [ɑb̥]

Preposition

ex (out of, sold from)
from (with the origin in time)

Pronunciation

IPA: /aːb/, [æːˀb̥]

Verb

imperative of abe

ab - East Central German

Particle

(Strehlen and Schömberg, Silesian) negative particle, do not

ab - East Yugur

Pronunciation

IPA: /abqʰə/, [aβqʰə]

Verb

to take
- Ci ghudal kelese bu cini arasini xuulj' abqu.
  - If you tell a lie I will skin you [take your skin].

ab - German

Pronunciation

(Germany) IPA: /ap/, /ɑp/
(Switzerland, Austro-Bavarian) IPA: /ɑb̥/

Preposition

ab (+ dative)

beginning at that time or location; from
- Ab heute verfügbar.
  - Available from today.

Derived terms

ab und zu

Descendants

Norwegian Bokmål: ab

Adjective

ab (strong nominative masculine singular (nonstandard) abber, not comparable)

(colloquial, predicative) off; not attached to anything anymore
- Der Arm ist ab.
  - The arm is (hewn) off.
(nonstandard, attributive) off; not attached to anything anymore
- Der abbe Arm ist verschwunden.
  - The (hewn) off arm has disappeared.

Usage notes

The predicative use is common in colloquial German throughout the country.
The attributive forms are mostly used in Western and Northern Germany and are considerably less common than the predicative use. They used to be used mostly jocularly, but become gradually more frequent since they are much shorter than the appropriate full verb forms such as abgetrennt (“disconnected, severed”).
The inflected attributive forms retain the devoiced consonant. Hence, sometimes they are spelled with p, rather than b: appes Bein.

Declension

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er ist ab	sie ist ab	es ist ab	sie sind ab
strong declension (without article)	nominative	abber¹	abbe¹	abbes¹	abbe¹
	genitive	abben¹	abber¹	abben¹	abber¹
	dative	abbem¹	abber¹	abbem¹	abben¹
	accusative	abben¹	abbe¹	abbes¹	abbe¹
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der abbe¹	die abbe¹	das abbe¹	die abben¹
	genitive	des abben¹	der abben¹	des abben¹	der abben¹
	dative	dem abben¹	der abben¹	dem abben¹	den abben¹
	accusative	den abben¹	die abbe¹	das abbe¹	die abben¹
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein abber¹	eine abbe¹	ein abbes¹	(keine) abben¹
	genitive	eines abben¹	einer abben¹	eines abben¹	(keiner) abben¹
	dative	einem abben¹	einer abben¹	einem abben¹	(keinen) abben¹
	accusative	einen abben¹	eine abbe¹	ein abbes¹	(keine) abben¹

¹Nonstandard.

Related terms

abseits

ab - Indonesian

Noun

ab (first-person possessive abku, second-person possessive abmu, third-person possessive abnya)

small pot
(dated) father (aba)

ab - Interlingua

Preposition

from

ab - Irish

Pronunciation

IPA: /abˠ/

Noun

ab m (genitive singular aba, nominative plural abaí)

(Christianity) abbot
- Coordinate terms: ban-ab, máthairab

Declension

Third declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ab	abaí
Vocative	a ab	a abaí
Genitive	aba	abaí
Dative	ab	abaí

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an t-ab	na habaí
Genitive	an aba	na n-abaí
Dative	leis an ab don ab	leis na habaí

Derived terms

mac an aba m (“ring finger”)
tánaiste an aba m (“the next in rank to the abbot”)
tiarna aba m (“lord abbot”)

Pronunciation

IPA: /əbˠ/

Particle

Alternative form of ba (used in relative clauses before a vowel sound).
- Fear maith ab ea é.
  - He was a good man.
- buachaill ab áirde ná mo dheartháir ― a boy (who was) taller than my brother

Related terms

Simple copular forms

Present/future
	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Neg. inter.
Main clauses	is	ní	an	nach
Direct relative clauses	is	nach
Indirect relative clauses	ar, arb^v
Other subordinate clauses	gur, gurb^v		an	nach
Past/conditional
	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Neg. inter.
Main clauses	ba, b’^v	níor, níorbh^v	ar, arbh^v	nár, nárbh^v
Direct relative clauses	ba, ab^v	nár, nárbh^v
Indirect relative clauses	ar, arbh^v
Other subordinate clauses	gur, gurbh^v		ar, arbh^v	nár, nárbh^v
Present subjunctive
	Affirmative	Negative
	gura, gurab^v	nára, nárab^v

Compound copular forms

Base word	Present/future	Past/conditional
cá	cár, cárb^v	cár, cárbh^v
cé	cér, cérb^v	cér, cérbh^v
dá		dá mba, dá mb’^v
de/do	dar, darb^v	dar, darbh^v
faoi	faoinar, faoinarb^v	faoinar, faoinarbh^v
i	inar, inarb^v	inar, inarbh^v
le	lenar, lenarb^v	lenar, lenarbh^v
má	más	má ba, má b’^v
mura	mura, murab^v	murar, murarbh^v
ó (prep.)	ónar, ónarb^v	ónar, ónarbh^v
ó (conj.)	ós	ó ba, ó b’^v
trí	trínar, trínarb^v	trínar, trínarbh^v

^v Used before vowel sounds

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
ab	n-ab	hab	t-ab
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

ab - K'iche'

Pronunciation

IPA: /aːɓ/

Noun

ab - Kein

Noun

fire

ab - Latin

Alternative forms

ā (not used before a vowel or h)
abs (archaic, exclusively used before the pronoun te)
af (archaic)

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA: /ab/, [äb]
(Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ab/, [äb]

Preposition

ab (+ ablative)

(indicating ablation): from, away from, out of
(indicating ablation): down from
(indicating agency): (source of action or event) by, by means of
(indicating instrumentality): (source of action or event) by, by means of, with
(indicating association): to, with
(indicating location): at, on, in
(time) after, since

Usage notes

Used in conjunction with passive verbs to mark the agent.

Liber ā discipulō aperītur.
- The book is opened by the student.

Descendants

French: à
Italian: a
Spanish: a
Portuguese: a
→ Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)

ab - Latvian

Conjunction

(archaic) or

Synonyms

Preposition

(archaic) around

Synonyms

ab - Livonian

Pronunciation

IPA: /ɑb/

Noun

a'b

(anatomy) shoulder
help

Usage notes

LĒL also features a partitive plural form with -īdi as in the example abīdi nustõ "to shrug."

Declension

	singular (ikšlug)	plural (pǟgiņlug)
nominative (nominatīv)	ab	abūd
genitive (genitīv)	ab	abūd
partitive (partitīv)	abbõ	abḑi
dative (datīv)	abbõn	abūdõn
instrumental (instrumentāl)	abkõks	abūdõks
illative (illatīv)	abbõ	abži
inessive (inesīv)	absõ abs	abši
elative (elatīv)	abstõ abst	abšti

ab - Middle Irish

Alternative forms

aband, abann

Noun

ab f (genitive aba)

river

Descendants

Irish: abha, abhainn
Manx: awin
Scottish Gaelic: abhainn

Mutation

Middle Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
ab	unchanged	n-ab
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

ab - Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

IPA: /ɑːb/
Hyphenation: ab

Preposition

(economics) from; (i.e. delivered) for the seller's expense at a location and forwarded for the buyer's expense
- ab Frankfurt ― from Frankfurt
- ab varelager ― from inventory
- ab fabrikk ― from factory
(economics, obsolete) as of
- ab mai
  - as of May

Derived terms

abgeschmackt (“gross, tasteless”)
abgeschmackthet (“grossness, tastelessness”)

Pronunciation

(modern) IPA: /ˈɑːbə/
(older) IPA: /ɑˈbeː/
Hyphenation: a‧b

Preposition

Only used in ab ovo (“ab ovo”)

Noun

(colloquial) Abbreviation of avbetaling (“installment”).

Derived terms

Related terms

avbetale (“pay in installments”)

ab - Occitan

Alternative forms

amb
dab (Gascon)
damb (Gascon, Aranese)
ambé (Provençal)
embé (Provençal, Niçard)

Preposition

(Guardiol) with

ab - Old French

Preposition

(10th century) with

Synonyms

avoec (used throughout Old French into the Middle and modern French periods)

ab - Old High German

Preposition

Descendants

German: ab
- Norwegian Bokmål: ab

ab - Old Occitan

Preposition

with

Descendants

Occitan: amb

ab - Parauk

Pronunciation

IPA: /ap/

Verb

to give, hand over.

ab - Pennsylvania German

Preposition

ab - Pumpokol

Noun

father

ab - Romani

Noun

ab m (plural ab)

river

ab - Scots

Pronunciation

IPA: /ab/

Noun

ab (plural abs)

(Orkney) impediment, hindrance, objection.

Verb

ab (simple past abed)

(Orkney) to hinder

ab - Scottish Gaelic

Noun

ab m (genitive singular aba, plural abachan)

Alternative form of aba

ab - Sumerian

Romanization

Romanization of 𒀊 (ab)

ab - Turkish

Alternative forms

Noun

ab (definite accusative abı, plural ablar)

(obsolete, poetic) water

ab - Volapük

Conjunction

ab - Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA: /ab/

Prefix

A patronymic indicator; son of.

Usage notes

This form is found before vowels. Before a consonant, the form ap is used.

Antonyms

ach
ferch

ab - Wolof

Article

a/an (singular indefinite article)

Usage notes

Precedes the noun.