G
G - Translingual
Letter
G (lower case g)
- The seventh letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
Symbol
G
- (metrology) giga-.
- gauss.
- (biochemistry) glycine, a natural amino acid.
- (biochemistry) Any of the nucleotides guanodine, nucleoside guanosine, or nucleobase guanine, which are components of DNA.
- (physics) The gravitational constant in the formula F = Gm1m2/r2; sometimes called "big G" to distinguish from g for the acceleration of gravity.
- (linguistics) A wildcard for a glide or semivowel
- (clothing) Bra cup size.
Gallery
- Letter styles
- Uppercase and lowercase versions of G, in normal and italic type
- Uppercase and lowercase G in Fraktur
G - English
Pronunciation
- IPA: /dʒiː/
Letter
Number
G (upper case, lower case g)
Noun
G (countable and uncountable, plural Gs)
- (sports, baseball) Games (the statistic reporting the number of games that a player has participated in).
- (US, politics) Green.
- (US, of a movie) General (suitable for a general audience).
- (sports) Goals (a sports statistic).
- Ground floor (of a building).
- A galaxy.
- gravity
- (chiefly US) Abbreviation of grand (“thousand (dollars, pounds etc.)”).
- (grammar) Abbreviation of genitive case.
- (UK, education) The academic grade that comes next below F.
- (slang) Abbreviation of gangster; often used to address one's friend.
- Synonyms: see friend
- (economics) Abbreviation for Government Spending.
- Alternative letter-case form of g (unit of gravitational acceleration).
- (drug slang) Short for gamma-hydroxybutyrate.
- (obsolete, chemistry) glucinum.
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Related terms
- (gangster): O.G.
G - Afar
Letter
G
- The fourteenth letter in the Afar alphabet.
G - Afrikaans
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA: /χɪə/
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
Noun
G - Angami
Letter
G
G - Azerbaijani
Letter
G upper case (lower case g)
G - Basque
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɡe/, [ɡe̞]
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
G - Central Franconian
Pronunciation
- /ɡ/, /ɣ/, /j/, (coda respectively) [k], [x], [ɕ]
Letter
G
- A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
- A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
Usage notes
- In the spelling of the Colognian Academy (Akademie för uns kölsche Sproch), any West Germanic or otherwise underlying *g is spelt g regardless of the pronunciation, except that ck is used for [k] in the syllable coda.
- In the popular German-based spelling, the sounds [ɣ] and [ɡ] are spelt g. The other sounds are represented by j [j] and ch [ɕ], [x] (except sometimes in unstressed ig for [iɕ]). In the coda, ck or rarely gg may be used for [k].
- In the Dutch-based spelling, [j] is j, [ɡ] is gk, coda [k] is k. The other sounds are spelt g.
- In the German-based spelling, g [ɡ] is always doubled after short vowels. However, g for any other sound is never doubled according the Colognian Academy. In the popular system, g for [ɣ] may be doubled after short vowels or not.
- In the Dutch-based spelling, g is regularly doubled after short vowels if the syllable were otherwise open.
G - Chinese
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jì
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jì
- Wade–Giles: chi4
- Yale: jì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gik1
- Yale: gīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: gik7
- Guangdong Romanization: gig1
- Sinological IPA : /kɪk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
G
Related terms
- M (“megabyte”)
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jì
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jì
- Wade–Giles: chi4
- Yale: jì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zyu1, zi1
- Yale: jyū, jī
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzy1, dzi1
- Guangdong Romanization: ju1, ji1
- Sinological IPA : /t͡ʃyː⁵⁵/, /t͡siː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- zyu1 - Guangzhou;
- zi1 - Hong Kong, often realised as /t͡ʃiː⁵⁵/ by younger speakers.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: 3jji
- Sinological IPA : /d̥͡ʑi²³/
- (Shanghainese)
Letter
G
- The seventh letter of the Latin alphabet.
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, common)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gē
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ge
- Wade–Giles: ko1
- Yale: gē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ge
- Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
- Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, official)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gê̄
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄝ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gê
- Wade–Giles: keh1
- Yale: gē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gè
- Palladius: гэй (gɛj)
- Sinological IPA : /kɛ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, common)+
Letter
G
- The seventh letter used in Pinyin.
Usage notes
- 《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
- The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).
G - Dutch
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA: /xeː/
Letter
G (capital, lowercase g)
- The seventh letter of the Dutch alphabet.
G - Esperanto
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA: /ɡo/
- (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
G - Estonian
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
G - Finnish
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
Usage notes
- Used only in loanwords except for ng [ŋː].
G - German
Pronunciation
- (letter name) IPA: /ɡeː/
- (phoneme) IPA: /ɡ/, (coda) /k/, /ç/, /x/
- In Standard German proper, ‹g› in the syllable coda is pronounced [k] except for the unstressed syllable ig, which becomes [ɪç]. In southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and South Tyrol, [ɪk] is often heard in the latter case, too. In northern and central Germany, conversely, coda ‹g› is traditionally always pronounced like ‹ch›, thus as fricative [ç], [x~χ]. Many speakers have now adapted to the standard or mix both ways, e.g. restricting the fricative (outside of ig) to some of the commonest words. Those who still use it generally, may nevertheless switch to [k] in enunciation or when reading out.
- Fricative realisations [j~ʝ~ʒ] and [x~ɣ~ʁ] also occur syllable-initially in various regions, but these are now clearly marked as dialectal.
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
- The seventh letter of the German alphabet.
G - Hungarian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA: [ˈɡ]
- (letter name): IPA: [ˈɡeː]
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | G | G-k |
accusative | G-t | G-ket |
dative | G-nek | G-knek |
instrumental | G-vel | G-kkel |
causal-final | G-ért | G-kért |
translative | G-vé | G-kké |
terminative | G-ig | G-kig |
essive-formal | G-ként | G-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | G-ben | G-kben |
superessive | G-n | G-ken |
adessive | G-nél | G-knél |
illative | G-be | G-kbe |
sublative | G-re | G-kre |
allative | G-hez | G-khez |
elative | G-ből | G-kből |
delative | G-ről | G-kről |
ablative | G-től | G-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular | G-é | G-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural | G-éi | G-kéi |
Possessive forms of G | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | G-m | G-im |
2nd person sing. | G-d | G-id |
3rd person sing. | G-je | G-i |
1st person plural | G-nk | G-ink |
2nd person plural | G-tek | G-itek |
3rd person plural | G-jük | G-ik |
Derived terms
G - Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɡ/
Letter
G (lower case g)
G - Indonesian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA: /ɡe/
- (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
G - Italian
Pronunciation
- (phonemic realization) IPA: /ɡ/
- (phonemic realization before e or i) IPA: /d͡ʒ/
Letter
G f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case g)
G - Japanese
Noun
G • (jī)
Noun
G • (jī)
G - Latvian
Pronunciation
- IPA: [ɡ]
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
G - Malay
Pronunciation
- (Name of letter) IPA: [d͡ʒi]
- (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA: [ɡ]
- (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA: [k̚]
Letter
G
G - Norwegian Bokmål
Noun
G
- (pensions) Initialism of grunnbeløp.
G - Norwegian Nynorsk
Noun
G
- (pensions) Initialism of grunnbeløp.
G - Nupe
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
G - Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɡjɛ/
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
G - Portuguese
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
G - Romani
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɡ/
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
G - Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ɡ/, /dʒ/
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
Usage notes
When followed by an i or e, this letter represents the phoneme /dʒ/, as in plângi (/plɨndʒʲ/) and înger (/ɨn.dʒer/). When followed by hi or he (ghi and ghe) and in all other cases, it represents /ɡ/.
G - Skolt Sami
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA: /ɡ/
Letter
G (lower case g)
G - Slovene
Pronunciation
- Phoneme
• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA: /ɡ/, [k], SNPT: /g/, [k] • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA: /ɡ/, [k], SNPT: /g/, [k] |
• (colloquial): IPA: /ɡ/, [k], [x], SNPT: /g/, [k], [h] • (Most Littoral and Rovte dialects, part of Upper Carniolan dialects) IPA: /ɣ/, [x], SNPT: /ɣ/, [h] |
Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
- Letter name
• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA: [ˈɡə̂], [ˈɡêː], [ˈɡěː], SNPT: [gə̏], [gẹ̄] • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA: [ˈɡə], [ˈɡeː], SNPT: [gə̀], [gé], |
• (Most Littoral and Rovte dialects, part of Upper Carniolan dialects) IPA: [ˈɣə̂], [ˈɣêː], [ˈɣěː], SNPT: [ɣə̏], [ɣẹ̄], |
Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
• Rhymes: -ə, -eː (ə̀, é) (non-tonal) • Hyphenation: G • Homophone: g (tonal and non-tonal) • Homophone: g (non-tonal only) |
• Alpine Slavic (1000–1200 AD): *gə̀ • Carinthian dialect plane: *gə̏ • Veneitian–Karst dialect plane: *gə̏ • Soča–Idrija dialect plane: *gə̏ • Upper Carniolan dialect plane: *gə̏ • Lower Carniolan dialect plane: *gə̏ • Southern Styrian dialect plane: *gə̏ • Northern Styrian dialect plane: *gə̏ • Pannonian dialect plane: *gə̏ |
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
Noun
G m inan
Inflection
- Overall more common
First masculine declension (soft o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, -j- infix | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | G | ||
gen. sing. | G-ja | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative imenovȃlnik | G | G-ja | G-ji |
genitive rodȋlnik | G-ja | G-jev | G-jev |
dative dajȃlnik | G-ju, G-ji | G-jema | G-jem |
accusative tožȋlnik | G | G-ja | G-je |
locative mẹ̑stnik | G-ju, G-ji | G-jih | G-jih |
instrumental orọ̑dnik | G-jem | G-jema | G-ji |
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) | G | G-ja | G-ji |
- More common when with a definite adjective
Third masculine declension (no endings) , fixed accent | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | G | ||
gen. sing. | G | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative imenovȃlnik | G | G | G |
genitive rodȋlnik | G | G | G |
dative dajȃlnik | G | G | G |
accusative tožȋlnik | G | G | G |
locative mẹ̑stnik | G | G | G |
instrumental orọ̑dnik | G | G | G |
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) | G | G | G |
- Dialectal, in common written language used till 19th century
First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , -j- infix | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | G | ||
gen. sing. | G-ja | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative imenovȃlnik | G | G-ja | G-ji |
genitive rodȋlnik | G-ja | G-jov | G-jov |
dative dajȃlnik | G-ju, G-ji | G-joma | G-jom |
accusative tožȋlnik | G | G-ja | G-je |
locative mẹ̑stnik | G-ju, G-ji | G-jih | G-jih |
instrumental orọ̑dnik | G-jom | G-joma | G-ji |
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) | G | G-ja | G-ji |
Derived terms
- Ǵ
- Ǧ
G - Somali
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/
- (letter name): IPA: /ɡæ/
Letter
G upper case (lower case g)
Usage notes
G - Spanish
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
- the seventh letter of the Spanish alphabet
Derived terms
G - Tagalog
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: G
- (letter name, Filipino alphabet): IPA: /dji/, [d͡ʒɪ]
- (letter name, Abakada alphabet): IPA: /ɡa/, [ɡɐ]
- (letter name, Abecedario): IPA: /he/, [hɛ]
- (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/, [ɡ]
- (phoneme, intervocalic): IPA: /ɡ/, [ɣ]
- (phoneme, followed by e or i, English unadapted loanwords): IPA: /dj/, [d͡ʒ]
- (phoneme, followed by e or i, Spanish unadapted loanwords): IPA: /h/, [h]
- (phoneme, followed by e or i, Spanish unadapted loanwords, obsolete): IPA: /s/, [s]
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g, Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ)
Letter
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒ)
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: G
- IPA: /dji/, [d͡ʒɪ]
Noun
G (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ)
- (music) fifth tone from a C major scale
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: G
- IPA: /dji/, [d͡ʒɪ]
Interjection
G (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ)
- (slang) a signal that the speaker is interested or ready to be part of an activity: game!; ready!
- Synonyms: geym, huwego
- Pupunta kami sa Intramuros ngayon. G?
- We'll be going to Intramuros today. You in?
- Pupunta kayo sa Intramuros ngayon? G! Sama ako!
- You'll be going to Intramuros today? Game! I'll join.
Alternative forms
- g – alternate case
Related terms
- geym
G - Turkish
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/, /ɟ/
- (letter name): IPA: /ɟeː/
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
G - Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA: [ɣəː˨˩], [ze˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA: [ɣəː˦˩], [jej˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA: [ɣəː˨˩], [jej˧˧]
- Phonetic: gờ, giê
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
G - Welsh
Pronunciation
- (standard) IPA: /ɛɡ/
- (informal) IPA: /ɡə/
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
Mutation
- G at the beginning of words is omitted in a soft mutation, mutates to Ng in a nasal mutation and is unchanged by aspirate mutation, for example with the word Gwynedd (“Gwynedd”):
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
Gwynedd | Wynedd | Ngwynedd | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
G - Yoruba
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA: /ɡ/
- (letter name): IPA: /ɡí/
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)
G - Zulu
Letter
G (upper case, lower case g)