.sn
.sn - Translingual
Noun
.sn
.sn - Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA: /sin/ → /sin/ → /sen/
- (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /sin/
- (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /sin/
- (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /sen/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ʔsɛn/
- Conventional anglicization: .sen
Pronoun
pl 3. suffix pronoun
Usage notes
This form of pronoun attaches directly to the preceding word, and means different things depending on what it is attached to.
- When attached to a noun, it indicates the possessor of the noun.
- When attached to a verb of the suffix conjugation, it indicates the subject of the verb.
- When attached to an infinitive verb (especially of an intransitive verb) whose subject is not otherwise expressed, it indicates the subject of the verb.
- When attached to a transitive infinitive verb whose subject is otherwise expressed or omitted, it indicates the object of the verb.
- In the third person, when attached to a prospective participle, it indicates gender and number agreement.
- When attached to a particle like jw or a parenthetic like ḫr, it indicates the subject of the clause.
- When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.
- When it follows a relative adjective such as ntj or ntt, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (except in the first person singular and third person common).
Inflection
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .k, .kj1 | .ṯ, .ṯn | .f, .fj1 | .s, .sj1 |
dual | .nj | .ṯnj | .snj | |||
plural | .n | .ṯn | .sn | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | w, wj, wy | kw, k, ṯw, ṯ | ṯm, ṯn | sw, s | s |
dual | — | ṯnj | snj | |||
plural | n | ṯn | sn | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk | ṯwt | ṯmt | swt | stt |
dual | — | — | ntsnj | |||
plural | — | ntṯn | ntsn, jntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kj, .k | .tj, .t | ∅, .j | .tj, .t | |
dual | — | .tjwn | .wy, .wj | .ty | ||
plural | .wn, .nw | ∅, .w, .y, .wy | .tj, .t | |||
|
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .k, .kj1 | .ṯ, .t | .f, .fj1 | .s, .sj1 |
dual2 | .nj | .ṯnj, .tnj | .snj | |||
plural | .n | .ṯn, .tn | .sn, .w3 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | wj, w | ṯw, tw | ṯn, tn | sw, st | sj, s, st |
plural | n | ṯn, tn | sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk | ntk, ṯwt2 | ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2 | ntf, swt2 | nts, swt2 |
plural | jnn3 | ntṯn, nttn | ntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kw | .tj, .t, .tw3 | ∅, .w | .tj, .t, .tw3 | |
plural | .wn, .wjn | .tjwn, .tjwnj | ∅, .w, .y | |||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3 | singular | tw.j | tw.k | tw.t | sw | sj, st |
plural | tw.n | tw.tn | st | |||
|
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .k, .kw | .t | .f, .fj | .s, .st, .sw |
plural | .n | .tn, .twn | .w, .sn1 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1 | singular | wj | tw, tj | sw, st | ||
plural | n, wn | twn | sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk | mntk, mtwk | mntt, mtwy | mntf | mntst, mntjst |
plural | jnn | mnttn | mntw | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1 | singular | .kw, .k | .tj, .tw | ∅, .w, .y | .tj, .tw | |
plural | .nw | .tn | ∅, .w, .y | |||
unmarked (later) | ∅, .tw | |||||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns | singular | tw.j | tw.k | tw.t | sw | st, sw |
plural | tw.n | tw.tn | st, sw, swt | |||
|
Alternative forms
.sn | .sn | .sn | .sn | .sn |
written as plural of .st |
In Late Egyptian this pronoun is replaced by .w in most texts. This process starts with the objects of prepositions and then instances of the pronoun attached to jw. However, in more formal texts, .sn remains in use.