WordCodex

-o

See also: Variations of "o"

-o - English

Pronunciation

  • (UK, General Australian) IPA: /əʊ/
  • (General American) IPA: /oʊ/
  • Homophones: o, owe, oh

Suffix

-o (plural -os or -oes)

  1. A colloquializing suffix, typically appended to names, abbreviations of long words, or substantive uses of adjectives.

Usage notes

-o generally does not change the meaning of the word or name but only makes it more colloquial, as with cheapo and Jacko. It is often appended to clipped or elided forms of longer words, as with ambo and parmo. Occasionally, the terminal consonant of the clipped form is doubled for clarity of meaning or pronunciation, as with uggo and doggo. It sometimes does change the meaning of words, usually by being applied to adjectives to indicate a person with a pronounced trait, as with weirdo (“weird person”), or to nouns used metonymously to indicate a person with a pronounced connection to the other object, as with wino (“poor or vagrant alcoholic”). Especially in American English, some uses of this suffix are understood as dated slang, as with bucko and neato. The suffix is most frequently and widely encountered in Australian English, which has additional uses (such as rego for registration and nasho for national service) that are never or only extremely rarely encountered in other dialects.

Its meaning is very similar to some uses of -y and its use is particularly common where use of -y might cause misunderstanding, as with randy and rando, journey and journo, whiny and wino.

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -o

Suffix

-o

  1. (humorous) Converts certain words to faux Italian or Spanish. Can be used with Spanish el for expressions such as el stinko.
    • no problemo

Derived terms

Suffix

-o (plural -os)

  1. Added to verb stems to create a noun describing an error relating to the action described by the verb.

Derived terms

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -o

-o - Afar

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /-ˈo/, [-ˈɔ]

Suffix

-ó

  1. Used to form feminine nouns from verbs.

Derived terms

Afar terms suffixed with -o

-o - Albanian

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /ɔ/

Suffix

-ó

  1. Creates a second-person singular active imperative verb form from a non-verb.
    • ‎áfër (“close, nearby”, adverb/preposition) + ‎-o → ‎afró! (“bring closer”)
    • ‎báraz (“equal”, adverb) + ‎-o → ‎barazó! (“eqalize!”)
    • ‎kráhas (“arm in arm, side by side”, adverb/preposition) + ‎-o → ‎krahasó! (“compare!”)
    • ‎pástër (“clean”, adjective/adverb) + ‎-o → ‎pastró! (“cleanse”)
    • ‎zhúrmë (“noise”, noun) + ‎-o → ‎zhurmó! (“make a noise, scream!”)

Particle

-o

  1. Alternative form of o

-o - Esperanto

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /o/

Suffix

-o

  1. Nominal suffix. Most Esperanto nouns end in -o. (A few nouns end in -aŭ, and with some writers some feminine names end in -a.)
  2. -thing. (correlative object ending.)

-o - Finnish

Suffix

-o (front vowel harmony variant -ö)

  1. Forms result or action nouns from verbs.
    • ‎huutaa (“shout”) + ‎-o → ‎huuto (“shout”)
    • ‎keittää (“boil, cook”) + ‎-o → ‎keitto (“cooking; soup”)
    • ‎nähdä (“see”) + ‎-o → ‎näkö (“vision”) (ability to see)
  2. Forms variants or diminutives from a few nominal roots.
    • ‎hilla (“cloudberry”) + ‎-o → ‎hillo (“jam”)
    • ‎lehti (“leaf”) + ‎-o → ‎lehto (“grove”)
    • ‎tasa (“level”) + ‎-o → ‎taso (“plane”)

Usage notes

  • Used deverbally especially with those verbs whose citation form ends with -aa or -ää. In stems with e or i, the suffix has its back vowel form, -o.

Declension

Inflection of -o (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative -o -ot
genitive -on -ojen
partitive -oa -oja
illative -oon -oihin
Possessive forms of -o (type valo)

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -o

-o - French

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /o/

Suffix

-o

  1. added to a noun or an adjective after apocope, to create a familiar synonym

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -o

-o - Garo

Suffix

-o

  1. (inflectional suffix) forms the locative case

Synonyms

  • -no (“forms locative”)

-o - Gothic

Romanization

-o

  1. Romanization of -𐍉

-o - Ido

Suffix

-o

  1. Nominal suffix. All Ido nouns end in -o.

-o - Italian

Suffix

-o m (noun-forming suffix, plural -i)

  1. (productive) used with a stem to form a masculine singular noun, usually a deverbal
    • Synonym: -a

Derived terms

Italian terms suffixed with -o (deverbal)

Suffix

-o (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -a, masculine plural -i, feminine plural -e)

  1. (not productive) used with a verb stem to form a past participle

Derived terms

Italian terms suffixed with -o (participle)

Suffix

-o (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)

  1. (productive) used with a stem to form the first-person singular present of regular are and ere verbs and those -ire verbs that do not take -isc-

-o - Latin

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA: /oː/, [oː]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA: /o/, [ɔː]

Suffix

-ō m (genitive -ōnis); third declension

  1. forms masculine agent nouns, positive and especially negative nicknames and other designations, especially in colloquial language.
  2. also forms names, especially cognomina.
    • aquila (“eagle”) → Aquilō (“the North wind”)
    • incubāre (“to lie on top”) → Incubō (“a spirit that watches over buried treasures”)
    • cūria (“curia”) → Cūriō
    • cicer (“chickpea”) → Cicerō
    • vārus (“bow-legged”) → Varrō
    • catus (“clever, shrewd”) → Catō
    • conger (“sea-eel”) → Congriō (“name of a cook in Plautus”)
  3. also used as an ending on some nouns designating things.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative -ō -ōnēs
Genitive -ōnis -ōnum
Dative -ōnī -ōnibus
Accusative -ōnem -ōnēs
Ablative -ōne -ōnibus
Vocative -ō -ōnēs

Synonyms

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -o (agent noun)
Latin terms suffixed with -o (name)
Latin terms suffixed with -o (inanimate noun)

Descendants

Suffix

-ō (comparative -ius, superlative -issimō)

  1. forms adverbs

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -o (adverb)

Alternative forms

  • -aō

Suffix

-ō (present infinitive -āre, perfect active -āvī, supine -ātum); first conjugation

  1. suffixed to nouns or adjectives — originally a-stem nouns, but later nouns with other stems — forms regular first-conjugation verbs
  2. suffixed to third-conjugation verbs in composition, forms regular first-conjugation verbs

Conjugation

   Conjugation of -ō (first conjugation, verbs with the perfect infix -av-)
   Conjugation of -ō (first conjugation, verbs with the perfect infix -u-)

1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb. 2The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested. 3At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)
Latin terms suffixed with -o (compound verb)

Descendants

Alternative forms

Suffix

-ō (present infinitive -ere, perfect active -ī, supine -um); third conjugation

  1. forms regular third-conjugation verbs

Conjugation

   Conjugation of -ō (third conjugation)

1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Suffix

-ō

  1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -us

Suffix

-ō f (genitive -ōnis); third declension

  1. form feminine equivalents of given names of central Dalmatia
    • ‎Aplis m + ‎-o → ‎Aplo f
    • ‎Baezus m + ‎-o → ‎Baezo f
    • ‎Dasant- m + ‎-o → ‎Dasto f
    • ‎Ditus m + ‎-o → ‎Dito f
    • ‎Paius m + ‎-o → ‎Paio f
    • ‎Vendes m + ‎-o → ‎Vendo f

-o - Lithuanian

Suffix

-õ

  1. Used to form genitive singulars of masculine a-stem nouns.
  2. Used to form genitive singulars of masculine a-stem adjectives.

Suffix

-o

  1. Used to form third person present tense forms in third declension verbs.
  2. Used to form third person past tense forms in first declension verbs.

Suffix

-õ

  1. An illative suffix.

Synonyms

-o - Lower Sorbian

Suffix

-o

  1. -ly (used to turn an adjective into an adverb of manner)

Synonyms

Derived terms

Lower Sorbian terms suffixed with -o

-o - Norwegian Nynorsk

Suffix

-o

  1. Used to make plural indefinite and definite forms for some neuter nouns
  2. (non-standard since 1917) Used to make singular definite form for some weak feminine nouns
  3. (archaic)(nonstandard) Used to mark plural form for strong verbs in past tense

-o - Old Dutch

Suffix

-o

  1. Forms adverbs from adjectives.

Derived terms

Category Old Dutch terms suffixed with -o not found

Descendants

  • Middle Dutch: -e

-o - Old Galician-Portuguese

Suffix

-o

  1. a suffix indicating the first-person singular present indicative of verbs
    • ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-o → ‎amo (“[I] love”)
    • ‎querer (“to want”) + ‎-o → ‎quero (“[I] want”)

Descendants

  • Galician: -o
  • Portuguese: -o

-o - Old High German

Suffix

-o

  1. Forms adverbs from adjectives.

Descendants

  • Middle High German: -e

Suffix

-o m

  1. used to form masculine agents from verbs
    • ‎geban (“to give”) + ‎-o → ‎gëbo (“giver”)
    • ‎sprehhan (“to speak”) + ‎-o → ‎sprëhho (“speaker”)
    • ‎biotan (“to offer, send, command”) + ‎-o → ‎boto (“messenger”)
    • ‎ziohan (“to pull, lead”) + ‎-o → ‎herizogo (“army leader”)
    • ‎sagēn (“to say”) + ‎-o → ‎fora-sago (“prophet”)

Declension

Most nouns with this suffix follow the n-declension, like hano (“cock”), namo (“name”), gomo (“man”).

Descendants

  • Middle High German: -e
    • German: -e

In Middle High German, the suffix is replaced by -er (whence German -er), as in Middle High German gëber instead of Old High German gëbo. Only a few German words still have a final -e that results from Old High German -o.

-o - Old Polish

Suffix

-o

  1. Forms adverbs from adjectives

Derived terms

Old Polish terms suffixed with -o

-o - Old Saxon

Suffix

-o

  1. Forms adverbs from adjectives.

Suffix

-o m

  1. used to form masculine agents from verbs and nouns
    • ‎gevan (“to give”) + ‎-o → ‎gevo (“giver”)
    • ‎beddi (“bed”) + ‎-o → ‎gibeddio (“bedfellow”)

Descendants

  • Middle Low German: -e

-o - Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /ɔ/
  • Syllabification: o

Suffix

-o

  1. Forms adverbs from adjectives
  2. Forms diminutives, softening the previous consonant

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -o

-o - Portuguese

Pronunciation

  • IPA: (stressed on the penultimate syllable) /u/

Suffix

-o

  1. forms masculine singular nouns and adjectives

Suffix

-o

  1. a suffix indicating the first-person singular present indicative of -ar
    • ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-o → ‎amo (“[I] love”)
    • ‎comer (“to eat”) + ‎-o → ‎como (“[I] eat”)
    • ‎unir (“to unite”) + ‎-o → ‎uno (“[I] unite”)

-o - Romani

Suffix

-o

  1. Forms the nominative singular of vocalic oikoclitic masculine nouns
  2. Forms the nominative masculine singular of vocalic oikoclitic adjectives
  3. Attaches to the perfective stem to form the third-person singular masculine past tense of intransitive verbs

-o - Romanian

Suffix

-o

  1. Vocative singular (feminine)

Usage notes

This form of the vocative is informal, especially when referring to a person. The nominative/accusative ending is preferred.

  • -e (vocative used for masculine and neuter adjectives or nouns)

-o - Spanish

Suffix

-o

  1. Used with a stem to form a masculine singular noun
    • ‎azafata (“female flight-attendant”) + ‎-o → ‎azafato (“male flight-attendant”)

Suffix

-o

  1. suffix indicating the first-person singular present indicative of verbs

-o - Swahili

Suffix

-o

  1. suffix used in nominal forms of verbs in the absence of a more specific suffix (such as -ji), in conjunction with a noun class prefix
    • ‎-penda (“to love”) + ‎-o → ‎upendo (“love”)
    • ‎-enda (“to go”) + ‎-o → ‎mwendo (“motion”)
  2. wa class(II), m class(III), and u class(XI) relative marker

Suffix

-o

  1. nonce suffix added for rhyming and scansion purposes

-o - Swedish

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /ʊ/
  • When combined the stress is always on the first syllable.

Suffix

-o

  1. (colloquial) Combines with an (often clipped) word to create a noun referring to a person with a related property. Gives a familiar and to some extent diminutive nuance.
    • ‎fylla (“drunkenness”) + ‎-o → ‎fyllo (“drunkard”)
    • ‎fet (“fat”) + ‎-o → ‎fetto (“a fatty”)
    • ‎snygg (“handsome”) + ‎-o → ‎snyggo (“handsome (noun)”)
    • ‎puckad (“stupid”) + ‎-o → ‎pucko (“a stupid person”)
    • ‎lycklig (“lucky, fortunate”) + ‎-o → ‎lyllo (“a fortunate person”)

Suffix

-o

  1. (archaic) In the indicative mood, conjugates verbs into the plural number.
    • de äro
      • they are
    • vi sutto
      • we sat

-o - Volapük

Suffix

-o

  1. adverb ending
  2. -wise (in the matter of; with regard to)

Derived terms

Volapük terms suffixed with -o

-o - Welsh

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /ɔ/

Suffix

-o

  1. used to form pet names
    • ‎Dai + ‎-o → ‎Deio
    • ‎Gwen + ‎-o → ‎Gwenno
    • ‎Iorwerth + ‎-o → ‎Iolo

Suffix

-o

  1. (literary) verb suffix for the third-person singular present subjunctive

Suffix

-o

  1. Forms verbnouns from verb stems.

Usage notes

This suffix is mostly used for verbs where the stem ends in the consonant i (though for some such verbs, such as cynnig, the verbnoun is given by dropping the i from the stem) or the vowel in the last syllable is i, u, eu, or wy.

Derived terms

Welsh terms suffixed with -o
  • -io (Forms verbnouns from verbs and other parts of speech)
Meaning and Definition of -o
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