'n

See also: ʼn and Variations of "n"

'n - English

Pronunciation

IPA: /n/

Conjunction

’n

Nonstandard spelling of ’n’.
- fish 'n chips
- rock 'n roll

Conjunction

’n

Nonstandard form of than.

Conjunction

’n

(archaic) Nonstandard form of when. (As found in if'n.)

Noun

'n (plural 'ns)

(colloquial) Alternative form of 'un (“one, a thing”)

'n - Afrikaans

Pronunciation

IPA: /ə/

Article

ʼn (indefinite)

(indefinite article) a, an

Usage notes

This word is not capitalized at the beginning of a sentence and the following word is capitalized instead.

'n - Asturian

Preposition

’n

(obsolete) Contraction of en.
- Toi viviendo’n Cangues
  - I’m living in Cangues

Usage notes

While this contraction still reflects the elision that often occurs in en when it is between a word ending in a vowel and a word beginning in a consonant, this spelling was dropped by the Academy of the Asturian Language in 1990. Thus, the normative spelling of the above example is now Toi viviendo en Cangues.

'n - Bavarian

Article

'n m

a (accusative)
the (accusative)

Pronoun

him
it (dative)

'n - Catalan

Pronoun

’n

Contraction of ne.

Usage notes

'n is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with a vowel.

Declension

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi³	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic¹	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal¹	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal²	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’⁴	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal²	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
¹⁾ Behaves grammatically as plural. ²⁾ Behaves grammatically as third person.			³⁾ Only as object of a preposition. ⁴⁾ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

'n - Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA: /ən/

Article

’n

Contraction of een.

Notes

If 'n begins a sentence, the first letter of the following word is capitalised instead.

'n - German

Alternative forms

n (non-standard)

Pronunciation

IPA: /n/, /ən/

Article

’n

(colloquial) Alternative form of ein (“a, an”)
(colloquial) Alternative form of einen (“a, an”)

Declension

Derived terms

so'n

Adverb

’n

(colloquial) short for denn (used for general emphasis)
- Wann wärst’n hier?
  - So, when would you be here?

'n - Italian

Preposition

(literary) Alternative form of in
(colloquial) Pronunciation spelling of in.

Article

'n m

(colloquial) Pronunciation spelling of un.

Numeral

'n m

(colloquial) Pronunciation spelling of un.

Adverb

(colloquial) Pronunciation spelling of non.

'n - Ligurian

Pronunciation

IPA: /ŋ/ (when followed by a consonant)
IPA: /n/ (when followed by a vowel)

Article

'n m (feminine 'na, 'n')

a, an (male)

'n - Low German

Article

’n

Contraction of den.

Pronoun

’n

Contraction of en.

'n - Sicilian

Pronunciation

IPA: /ŋ/ (when followed by a consonant)
IPA: /n/ (when followed by a vowel)

Preposition

'n - Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA: /n/

Particle

’n

Alternative form of yn (used after a vowel).
- Mae hi’n darllen. ― She is reading.
- Mae hi’n gysglyd. ― She is sleepy.
- Mae hi’n ferch. ― She is a girl.

Determiner

'n (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)

our (used after vowels).
- Dyna’n harian ni.
  - That's our money.

Pronoun

'n (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)

us (as the direct object of a verbal noun or verb)
- Mae e yma i’n harfarnu.
  - He's here to appraise us.
- Fe’n magwyd yng ngefn gwlad.
  - We were brought up (lit. One brought us up) in the countryside.

Usage notes

In formal Welsh, the contraction 'n is a valid form of ein found after mostly functional vowel-final words. In colloquial Welsh, ein is often contracted to 'n after almost any vowel-final word.
Pronomial 'n (and ein) can occur before any verbal noun. Before verbal, pronomial 'n is found only in formal language after certain vowel-final preverbal particles, such as fe, a, ni, na, oni and pe.

'n - Zealandic

Determiner

a (indefinite article)