The letter was adopted into the IPA in 1921 as ⟨ʚ⟩, alongside unrounded ⟨ᴈ⟩, then abandoned. It was brought back in 1993. However, due to a confusion of sources, this was thought to be an error, and it was replaced with the current form ⟨ɞ⟩ (closed ⟨ɜ⟩ rather than the intended closed ⟨ɛ⟩) in 1996. The original turned epsilon ⟨ᴈ⟩ had been replaced with a reversed epsilon ⟨ɜ⟩ sometime between 1957 and 1989.